Umahluko Ongundoqo we-ASTM TP304 304H NE-TP304L

I-ASTM TP304, i-TP304H, kunye ne-TP304L zii-grades zentsimbi engatyiwayo ye-austenitic ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo ezisetyenziselwa imibhobho, iityhubhu, kunye nezixhobo zenkqubo, kodwa azinakusetyenziswa endaweni enye kuzo zonke iinkqubo. Umahluko obonakalayo ubukhulu becala kulawulo lwekhabhoni: i-304 esemgangathweni yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu, i-304L yenzelwe ukulungelelaniswa (welding) nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokubuthathaka ngenxa yokushushu, kwaye i-304H yenzelwe ukusebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu apho iimpawu zokukhubazeka ngenxa yokushushu nokuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo zibalulekileyo. I-ASTM A312 igubungela imibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo ye-austenitic engenamthungo, edityanisiweyo, neyenzelwe umsebenzi onzima wokupholisa, eyenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu nakwiindawo ezihlaselayo ngokubanzi, kwaye ichaza iindidi zohlobo lwe-TP304H njengeenguqulelo zamaqondo obushushu aphezulu zeendidi ezisisiseko.

Kufuneka ukhethe ibanga elingakanani?

Khetha ASTM TP304 Xa ufuna i-grade yentsimbi engatyiwayo elungeleleneyo, echaziweyo ngokubanzi, yokumelana nokugqwala ngokubanzi, ukuwenziwa kwezinto, kunye nenkonzo yeshishini eqhelekileyo. Khetha TP304L xa ukwenza iwelde kungundoqo kumsebenzi kwaye ufuna umxholo wekhabhoni ophantsi ukunciphisa ithuba lokuqubana kwekhabhayidi kwindawo echaphazelwe bubushushu. Khetha TP304H xa uyilo lubandakanya ubushushu obuphezulu obuqhubekayo kwaye iinkcukacha zeprojekthi zifuna ukusebenza okomeleleyo kwi-creep okanye kwi-stress rupture; i-ASTM ichaza i-TP304H njengolungiso olujoliswe kwiqondo lobushushu apho ezo mpawu zibalulekileyo.

Kubathengi abaninzi ukuthelekisa 304 vs 304H okanye 304L vs 304, Isigqibo esingachanekanga sivela ekuphatheni la magama njengokhetho olulula nje. Aqondakala ngcono njengeentlobo ezintathu zosapho olunye lwe-chromium-nickel engagqwali, ezilungiselelwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkonzo eziphambili. Olona khetho lufanelekileyo luxhomekeke ekudibaniseni ngentsimbi, ubushushu, iimfuno zekhowudi, ukuchanabeka korhudo, kunye nokuba isatifikethi sovavanyo lwezinto lufanele sibonise udidi oluthile na.

Itshathi yokuthelekisa amagreyidi e-ASTM TP304/TP304H/TP304L

Isishwankathelo esifutshane sesigqibo

Sebenzisa esi sikhokelo sikhawulezayo phambi kokuba uhlolisise uthelekiso olunzulu:

• TP304
  • Okona kulungileyo kusetyenziso jikelele ipayipi yentsimbi engatyiwayo kunye nombhobho.
  • Indlela esisiseko eyomeleleyo xa isicelo singaqinisiwe kakhulu kwaye singayilelwanga iimeko zokunyuka kancinci kwe-creep kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu eliqhubekayo.
  • Kukholisa ukukhethwa apho umgangatho i-ASTM yentsimbi engatyiwayo Ukumelana nomhlwa kunye nokuziphatha ekuwenzeni kwanele.
• TP304L
  • Ilungele kakhulu iinkqubo ezithiwezelweyo, ingakumbi apho unyango lobushushu lwasemva kokuthiwezela lungasebenzi.
  • U “L” uthetha ikhabhoni ephantsi, nto leyo enceda ukunciphisa iinkxalabo zokubolala kwezinto emva kokushwabana.
  • Impendulo eqhelekileyo xa uthelekiso 304L vs 304 Kumapayipi enziweyo, iitanki, iiheda, kunye neendibano ezitsalelweyo.
• TP304H
  • Ilungele kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu xa iinkcukacha zobunjineli zifuna umgangatho u-H.
  • Iklasi “H” ilawula ikhabhoni kumlinganiselo ophezulu kunowama-304L, nto leyo exhasa ukuziphatha kwamandla kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
  • Ilingana ngcono kune-304L apho amandla okuxhathisa ukukrwempuka, hayi ubuntununtunu bokutshiva, yeyona mfuneko iphambili.

Ukwakhiwa yeyona mahluko iphambili.

TP304, TP304L, kunye ne-TP304H zonke ziyinxalenye yosapho lwe-304 stainless, ngoko ke ukumelana kwazo okuyisisiseko nentsilakalo kuvela kwikhemistri efanayo yekhromiyam-nikeli. Into eyenza umahluko ngumkhenkce. Izalathiso zokwakheka kwecandelo lezimboni ze I-ASTM A312 idla ngokudwelisa i-TP304. inelona nani liphezulu lekhabhoni elivumelekileyo kunele-TP304L, ngelixa i-TP304H idweliswe nomlinganiselo wekhabhoni ophezulu olawulwayo, odla ngokuboniswa ukuba uphakathi kwe-0.04–0.10 pesenti.

Loo mahluko wekhabhoni utshintsha indlela udidi ngalunye oluziphatha ngayo emva kokutshina nakwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu. Ikhabhoni eninzi inokuxhasa amandla kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu, kodwa inokwandisa umngcipheko wokubunjwa kwe-chromium carbide kwindawo echaphazelwe bubushushu bokutshina. I-carbon encinci iphucula ukumelana ne-sensitization enxulumene nokuncamathisela, kodwa ayisiyiyo idaraja eqhele ukukhethwa xa iprojekthi ifuna iimpawu ze-304H zokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu.

Indlela esebenzisekayo yokufunda ASTM TP304 vs 304H vs 304L Nantsi ke le nto: usapho olusisiseko lwe-alloy luyafana, kodwa umda wekhabhoni ukuxelela ukuba yeyiphi ixesha elijolisiweyo lokusebenza. I-TP304 yeyona iphakathi. I-TP304L yehlisa ikhabhoni ukuze ibe lula ukuyidibanisa. I-TP304H inyusa kwaye ilawule ikhabhoni ukuze inike ubushushu.

Uthelekiso olucacileyo ngokwezinto ezijongweyo ekuthengeni

Inkonzo ngokubanzi nokumelana nomhlwa

• TP304: Ifanelekile kwiimeko ezininzi ezigugisayo ngokubanzi apho i-304 stainless yamkeleka ngesiqhelo. Lukhetho oluxhaphakileyo kwimibhobho yoshishino, imibhobho yeenkonzo, izixhobo ezinxulumene nokutya, kunye nomsebenzi woyilo lwezakhiwo okanye wokuvelisa xa imeko-bume ingabi yingozi ngokugqithisileyo.
• TP304L: Iprofayile yokugqwetheka ngokubanzi efana neye-304 kwiimeko ezininzi eziqhelekileyo, kunye nenzuzo eyongezelelweyo yekhabhoni ephantsi kulwakhiwo oludityaniswe ngokuncamathisela. Ihlala ikhethwa xa iindawo ezincamathiselweyo zininzi okanye xa indibano iza kusetyenziswa ngaphandle konyango lobushushu lwasemva kokuncamathisela.
• TP304H: Uluhlobo olufanayo lwentsimbi engatyiwayo, kodwa lukhethwe ngenxa yeemfuno zoomatshini kubushushu obuphezulu, hayi nje ngenxa yokuxhathisa ukugqwala. Ukuba imeko-bume iyagqwala kwaye ishushu, imida yoyilo malunga nokugqwala nobushushu kufuneka zombini ziqwalaselwe.

Ukwelda nokwenziwa kwezinto

• TP304: Iyatsalwayo, kodwa umlinganiselo ophezulu wekhabhoni xa ithelekiswa ne-304L ungenza ukukhetha udidi kube yinto efuna ingqwalasela engakumbi xa kubandakanywa iinxalenye ezinzima okanye iinkonzo ezifuna ukumelana nokugqwala okunzima.
• TP304L: Ngokuqhelekileyo olona khetho lukhuselekileyo kula mathathu kwimveliso ewelwediweyo kuba ikhabhoni ephantsi inceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokubangeleka kobubhetyebhetye. Yiyo lonto iinkcukacha ezininzi zikhetha i-304L kwimibhobho ewelwediweyo, izixhobo zokudibanisa, kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza.
• TP304H: Iyatsalwayo ngokuthi kusetyenziswe inkqubo efanelekileyo yokulawula, kodwa ayikhethwa ikakhulu ngenxa yokumelana nokubuthathaka okubangelwa kukuqhushumba. Inkqubo yokuqhushumba, isinyithi esongezelelweyo, ubushushu obufakwayo, kunye neemfuno zekhowudi kufuneka ziphononongwe ngononophelo.

Ukusebenza kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu

• TP304: Ingasetyenziswa kwiinkonzo ezininzi ezifudumeleyo okanye ezishushu ngokulinganiselweyo ukuba imigaqo elawulayo neemeko zoyilo ziyavuma, kodwa ayisosilungiso se-H.
• TP304L: I-carbon ephantsi iluncedo ekusweleleni, kodwa ngokubanzi ayisiyiyo leyo ikhethwayo apho eyona mfuneko iphambili ikukomelela okuzinzileyo kokukrwela kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu.
• TP304H: Yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu apho iimpawu zokukrwempeka nokuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo zibalulekile, ngokwencazelo yomda we-ASTM A312 yamanqanaba alungiswe nge-H.

Ulawulo lwamaxwebhu kunye nemigqaliselo

• TP304: Chaza xa umzobo, i-odolo yokuthenga, okanye iklasi yemibhobho ifuna intsimbi engatyiwayo yesigqibo 304.
• TP304L: Chaza ngokucacileyo xa kufuneka imathiriyeli enekhabhoni ephantsi. Musa ukuqikelela ukuba i-304 enikiweyo ngokuzenzekelayo iyangqinelana ne-304L, ngaphandle kokuba isatifikethi semathiriyeli siyakuqinisekisa oko.
• TP304H: Chaza ngokucacileyo xa kufuneka ngokwoyilo. I-odolo yokuthenga kunye nengxelo yovavanyo lwasemilini kufuneka zibonise i-H grade, kuba uluhlu lwekhabhoni kunye nenjongo yokusetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu azifani nezo ze-304L.

Yeyiphi inketho engcono yoku-welda?

I-TP304L idla ngokuba lolona khetho lungcono kulwakhiwo oludityaniswe ngokuwelda. kuba umxholo wayo wekhabhoni ophantsi unciphisa umngcipheko wokubangelwa kobuntununtunu kufutshane neendawo ezithiwe. Ukuvela kobuntununtunu kunokwenzeka xa iikhabhayidi zekhromiyam zisenza imida yeenkozo, nto leyo enciphisa ukumelana nomhlwa kwindawo echaphazelekileyo. Ngokwenene xa kuthengwa, oko kwenza i-304L ibe lukhetho olukhuselekileyo lwepayipi eziweldweyo, iimanifold ezenziweyo, iitanki, iiskids, kunye namacandelo angenakufumana i-full solution anneal emva kokuwelda.

Uthelekiso lwe 304L vs 304 Akufanelanga kuncitshiswe kube “enye inamandla ngaphezu kwenye” okanye “enye ingcono kunenye.” I-TP304 isenokwamkeleka ngokupheleleyo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokuwelda xa iimeko zokusebenza zithambile kwaye iinkqubo zilungile. Kodwa ukuba ukurusa okujikeleze iindawo ezisongelweyo kuyinkxalabo, uhlobo olunekhabhoni encinci lunika umda ocacileyo.

Xa ukusetyenziswa kwe-welding kuyeyona nto igqiba umba, qwalasela la manqaku:

• Khetha TP304L kukhotyokiswa okubanzi, ipayipi ekhotyokisiweyo enamadonga amancinci, okanye iindibano ezineendawo ezininzi ezichaphazelwe bubushushu.
• Qinisekisa ukuba isinyithi esongezelelweyo kunye nenkqubo yoku-welda ziyahambelana nekhowudi yeprojekthi kunye nemeko yokusebenza.
• Cela isatifikethi sovavanyo lwasemilini esibhale i-TP304L, hayi nje i-304 eqhelekileyo.
• Ukuba inkqubo iza kubona ubushushu obuphezulu emva kokwenziwa kwayo, jonga ukuba ingaba iinkcukacha-manani ziyafuna ngokwenene i-TP304H endaweni yoko.

Yeyiphi inketho engcono kusetyenziso lwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu?

I-TP304H ngoyena uphumeleleyo xa kuthelekiswa xa isinyanzeleko esiphambili ikusebenzo oluzinzileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. ASTM A312 ichonga i-TP304H kunye needigri ze-H ezifanayo njengeenguqulelo ezenzelwe ukusebenza kumaqondo obushushu apho iimpawu zokukrwempeka nokuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo zibalulekileyo.store.astm.org) Oko akuthethi ukuba i-TP304H kufuneka ithathe indawo ye-304L kuyo yonke indawo; kuthetha ukuba udidi lwe-H lunenjongo eyahlukileyo yoyilo.

Kwiinkqubo ezikumgangatho ophezulu wobushushu, ulawulo lwekhabhoni luyaba yingxaki yokuqina kunye nengxaki yokugqwala. I-TP304H inomlinganiselo wekhabhoni elawulwayo onceda ukuxhasa ukuziphatha kwayo ngokomatshini kumgangatho ophezulu wobushushu. I-TP304L isebenza ngokuchaseneyo ngokunciphisa ikhabhoni, nto leyo enceda ekulungelelanisweni kodwa ayifane ibe yinjongo yoyilo lwenkonzo yokumelana nokuqhwanyaza.

Kumsebenzi we-heat-exchanger, ibhoyila, ifurnesi, irifayina, okanye wenkqubo yobushushu, idigri kufuneka ihambelane nekhowudi yoyilo elawulayo. Ukuba umzobo uthi TP304H, ukufaka endaweni yayo i-TP304L kunokudala ingxaki yamaxwebhu kunye nokusebenza. Ukuba umzobo uthi TP304L kwinkqubo edityanisiweyo egugulekayo, ukufaka endaweni yayo i-TP304H kunokudala umngcipheko ongafunekiyo onxulumene nokudibanisa.

I-ASTM TP304 xa ithelekiswa ne-TP304L

Okwemihla ngemihla 304L vs 304 Ukukhetha kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekudibaniseni (welding) nakwikhabhoni. I-TP304 yinguqulelo esemgangathweni, efanelekileyo kwiinkonzo ezahlukeneyo apho imixube yayo kunye neemfuno zayo zoomatshini zihambelana noyilo. I-TP304L yinguqulelo enekhabhoni encinci, ekhethwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusasazwa kwe-sensitization okunxulumene nokudibanisa.

Oku kwenza i-304L ibe nomtsalane kwiiprojekthi ezifuna ukwenziwa kakhulu. Umbhobho oqhagamshelweyo Ispools, imibhobho yezempilo, ii-skids zenkqubo, kunye nezikhongozeli ezenziwe ngokukhethekileyo zihlala zixhamla kwindlela enomkhenkce omncinci. Kwintengiselwano, nangona kunjalo, abathengi akufuneki bathembele kwiinkcazelo zomlomo ezifana “ne-304 stainless” xa iprojekthi ifuna Ngenxa yokuba i-304L iqulathe i-molybdenum, inika i-304L amandla okumelana nokugqwala nokubola. Iklasi kufuneka ibizwe kwi-odolo yokuthenga kwaye iqinisekiswe ngokuthelekisa nengxelo yovavanyo lwasemilini.

Umgaqo olula wokuqhuba izigqibo usebenza kakuhle:

1. Ukuba icandelo lidityaniswe kakhulu ngokuwelda kwaye ukumelana nomhlwa kufutshane neendawo ezidibeneyo kubalulekile, khetha TP304L.
2. Ukuba i-parti yeyokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye iinkcukacha zifuna i-304 eqhelekileyo, TP304 Isenokufaneleka.
3. Ukuba iqondo lobushushu lokusebenza lenza iimpawu zokukrwela zibe yinxalenye yoyilo, yeka ukuthelekisa kuphela i-304 ne-304L kwaye ujonge ukuba TP304H kuyafuneka.

I-ASTM TP304 xa ithelekiswa ne-TP304H

I- 304 vs 304H Uthelekiso luphathelele kakhulu kubushushu kunokuba lulula ekwenzeni. I-TP304 luhlobo olusisiseko olusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. I-TP304H yinguqulelo enekhabhoni ephezulu ye-304, esetyenziswa xa kubalulekile indlela yokuqina kwayo kubushushu obuphezulu.

Ngenxa yokuba zombini ezi klasi zingamalungu osapho olunye lwe-stainless, abathengi ngamanye amaxesha bacinga ukuba zingatshintshiselana. Oko kuyingozi. Uyilo olusebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu lunokufuna i-TP304H ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zekhowudi, zovavanyo, okanye zobunjineli. Inkonzo eqhelekileyo yokugqwala isenokungaxhamli ngokwenene kwi-TP304H kwaye ingalungelwa ngcono yi-TP304 okanye i-TP304L kuxhomekeke kwindlela yoku-welda.

Sebenzisa i-TP304H xa iinkcukacha, ubalo lwekhowudi, okanye i-injiniyela ikufuna oko. Sebenzisa i-TP304 xa inkonzo iqhelekile kwaye iinkcukacha zokuthenga azifuni ulawulo lwe-low-carbon okanye lwe-H-grade. Xa ungqinisekanga, elona nyathelo likhuselekileyo elilandelayo asikokucingela; kukufanisa i- Isatifikethi seempahla kwindidi yezithombe nemibhobho evunyiweyo.

I-ASTM TP304L xa ithelekiswa ne-TP304H

I-TP304L ne-TP304H zikwimiphetho echaseneyo yobuchule bekhabhoni. I-TP304L iyanciphisa ikhabhoni ukuphucula ukusebenza kokugqwala okunxulumene nokudibanisa. I-TP304H ilawula ikhabhoni kwinqanaba eliphezulu ukuxhasa ukuziphatha kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Yiyo loo nto ASTM TP304 vs 304H vs 304L Izigqibo kufuneka ziqale ngemeko yokusetyenziswa. Ukuba into eza kusetyenziswa iza kudityaniswa ngokuwelda kwinkqubo enokubola, i-TP304L isoloko iluncedo. Ukuba into eza kusetyenziswa iza kusebenza kubushushu obuphezulu obuzinzileyo phantsi koxinzelelo, i-TP304H isenokuba lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lwe-injiniyeringi.

Musa ukukhetha phakathi kwazo ngokusekelwe kuphela ekufumanekeni kwazo. Ukutshintshwa okungachanekanga kunokuchaphazela ukuzithemba ekusweleleni, ukwamkelwa kohlolo, kunye nokusebenza ixesha elide. Kumsebenzi olawulwayo okanye osemgangathweni, udidi olufunekayo asiyondlela yokukhetha; luyinxalenye yesiseko soyilo.

Uluhlu lokujonga xa u-odola ipayipi netyhubhu yentsimbi engatyiwayo ye-ASTM

Phambi kokuba ufake iodolo, qinisekisa iinkcukacha ezidla ngokubangela ukudideka phakathi kwezi. Iindidi zentsimbi engatyiwayo:

• Igama elichanekileyo legadi: TP304, TP304L, okanye TP304H.
• Isicwangciso se-ASTM esisebenzayo: Kwiipayipi, i-ASTM A312 idla ngokubhekiselelwa kwiipayipi zentsimbi engatyiwayo yohlobo lwe-austenitic ezingenamthungo, ezidityanisiweyo, nezisetyenzwe kakhulu ngokupholileyo.store.astm.org)
• Uhlobo lwemveliso: Umphayiphi, ityhubhu, ifittingi, ipleyiti, okanye ibha zinokulandela imigangatho eyahlukileyo nokuba usapho lwe-alloy luyafana.
• Indlela yokuvelisa: Engenamthungo, edityanisiweyo, okanye edityanisiweyo esetyenzwe kakhulu ngokupholileyo, njengoko kufunwa yiprojekthi.
• Unyango lobushushu novavanyo: ASTM A312 iquka iimfuno zeemeko ezinyangwe ngobushushu kunye neentlobo ezilindelekileyo zovavanyo lomatshini okanye olungonakalisiyo kusishwankathelo sayo somda womgangatho.
• Ingxelo yovavanyo lwasemkhenkceni: Jonga inombolo yobushushu, isakhiwo seekhemikhali, iipropathi zoomatshini, kunye nesalathiso segrade.
• Iimfuno zokushinda: Ukuba ukwenza iwelding enkundleni okanye evenkileni kuyabalasele, qinisekisa ukuba i-304L iyafuneka na.
• Iimfuno zamaqondo obushushu: Ukuba ukukrwela okubangelwa ngamaqondo obushushu aphezulu okanye ukuqhekeka okubangelwa luxinzelelo kubalulekile, qinisekisa ukuba i-304H iyafuneka.
• Ukuthotyelwa komgaqo-nkqubo: Lungelelanisa imathiriyeli nekhasi lepayipi, ikhowudi yezixhobo zoxinzelelo, kunye neenkcukacha zomsebenzisi wokugqibela.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa la magrade

Impazamo eqhelekileyo kukucinga ukuba “i-304 stainless steel” ithetha into enye ngokuzenzekelayo kuyo yonke imibhalo. Kwintengiso yokwenyani, i-304, i-304L, kunye ne-304H zinokuba neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zezatifikethi kunye neenjongo zokusetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo. Oku kubhala ngokufutshane kunokuba lula encokweni, kodwa akwanelanga kwiodolo yokuthenga.

Enye impazamo kukukhetha i-304H ngenxa nje yokuba “i-carbon ephezulu” ivakala ngathi yomelele ngakumbi. Udidi lwe-H lubalulekile xa iimpawu zokugoba kweqokobhe ngenxa yobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo ziyinxalenye yoyilo. Alusoloko luyeyona didi ilungileyo kwiinkonzo zokukhusela umhlwa kwiindawo ezidityaniswe ngokuwelda.

Impazamo yesithathu kukukhetha i-304L kuyo yonke iprojekthi yentsimbi engatyiwayo ngaphandle kokujonga ubushushu. I-304L ilungile kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi ezidityaniswe ngokuwelda, kodwa ukuba udidi lwemibhobho okanye ubalo lobunjineli lufuna i-TP304H, uhlobo olunekhabhoni ephantsi lusenokungayifezekisi le mfuneko. Udidi oluchanekileyo lolo luhambelana neemeko zokusebenza kunye nemigangatho elawulayo.

Isindululo sokugqibela

Kwiimfuno ezininzi zeepayipi neetiyubhu zentsimbi engatyiwayo ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, TP304 yinketho esemgangathweni elungeleleneyo. Kwiinkqubo ezidityaniswe ngokuncanyathiselwa apho ukumelana nomhlwa kufutshane neendawo zokuncanyathiselwa kubalulekile, TP304L idla ngokuba lolona khetho lulungileyo. Kwenkonzo eqhubekayo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu apho kuphawulwe iimpawu zokugoba nokuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo, TP304H Yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo.

Eyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo yokugqiba kukuba uqale ngemiqathango yenkonzo, uze uqinisekise imfuneko ye-ASTM, emva koko uqinisekise ingxelo yovavanyo lwasemilini. Ukuba uthelekiso lwakho 304 vs 304H, gxila kwiqondo lobushushu kunye neemfuno zekhowudi. Ukuba uthelekiso lwakho 304L vs 304, kugxila kumngcipheko wokutshisa nokwazisa. Ukuba uthelekisa zontathu, khumbula umthetho olula: I-304 yeyokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, i-304L yeyokufaka i-welding, kwaye i-304H yeyamaqondo obushushu aphezulu..