Hastelloy C-276 VS UNS32205 Yokutshintshisana ngobushushu

I-Hastelloy C-276 ne-UNS S32205 zombini zingasetyenziswa kwinkonzo yokutshintshisana ngobushushu, kodwa zicombulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zokugqwala. Kwiigqibo ezininzi zokuthelekisa i-alloy, i-UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel lukhetho olusebenzisekayo kumanzi okupholisa ane-chloride, amanzi anetyuwa, kunye noyilo olusekelwe kumandla, ngelixa i-Hastelloy C-276 igcinelwe imisebenzi yeekhemikhali ezinobungozi ngakumbi ebandakanya iiasidi ezinamandla, iiasidi ezixutyiweyo, ii-halides, ingozi enkulu yokugqwala kwezikhala, okanye kwizixhobo ezixabiseke kakhulu apho ukusilela ngenxa yokugqwala kungamkelekanga. Impendulo echanekileyo ixhomekeke kancinci kuhlobo lwe-heat exchanger kwaye kakhulu kwingxube esetyenziswayo, isixhobo sokupholisa, ubushushu bokusebenza, iinkcukacha zokudibanisa, iikhemikhali zokucoca, kunye neziphumo zokuvala.

Yeyiphi i-alloy elungcono ukukhetha kwi-heat exchanger?

Kwi-heat exchanger eqhelekileyo esebenzisa amanzi ane-chloride okanye amanzi anetyuwa njengesixhobo sokupholisa, i-UNS S32205 isoloko ilukhetho olulungeleleneyo ngcono kuba idibanisa ukumelana kakuhle ne-chloride, amandla aphezulu oomatshini, ukukwazi ukudityaniswa kakuhle, kunye nokuba nexabiso eliphantsi elinokwenzeka kwisithuba sobomi bayo xa ithelekiswa nezo zikumgangatho ophezulu. Iialoyi zekhenikeli. Kwi-heat exchanger echasene ne-asidi ye-hydrochloric, i-asidi yesulfurikhi phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, ii-asidi eziyioksidayisingi nezingeyo, imilanjana yeekhemikhali ezixutyiweyo, ii-chlorides kunye nomngcipheko wamaqhuma, okanye ezinye iimeko ze-halide ezinobungozi, Hastelloy C-276 idla ngokuba lolona khetho lukhuselekileyo lokumelana nomhlwa. UHaynes uchaza i-alloy i-HASTELLOY® C-276, i-UNS N10276, njenge-alloy ye-nickel-chromium-molybdenum esetyenziswa kwizixhobo zenkqubo yeekhemikhali kuquka izitshintshi-bushushu, ngelixa u-Alleima echaza i-SAF® 2205, phantsi kwe-UNS S32205, njengona ifaneleke ngokukodwa kwizitshintshi-bushushu apho kusetyenziswa amanzi anechloride okanye amanzi anetyuwa njengesixhobo sokupholisa.

Isishwankathelo esifutshane sesigqibo:

• Khetha Hastelloy C-276 xa isoyikiso esiphambili kukugqwetheka kweekhemikhali okunobungozi, uhlaselo lweasidi, imingxuma ebangelwa yi-chloride okanye ukugqwetheka kwezikhala kwiimeko ezinzima, okanye ukuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo nokugqwetheka kwiimeko ezinzima ezine-chloride.
• Khetha i-UNS S32205 xa eyona mfuneko iphambili ikukuduplex eyomeleleyo nexabiso eliphantsi. Isitshintshi sobushushu sentsimbi engatyiwayo izinto zokwakha zamanzi anekhlorayidi, amanzi abandayo anetyuwa, izisombululo ezininzi zezikhululo zokucoca/zeenkqubo ezingcoliswe ziiklorayidi, okanye iidizayini zezakhiwo apho amandla aphezulu okubopha anceda ukunciphisa ubukhulu.
• Musa ukukhetha enye ngezizathu zegama kuphela. Qinisekisa ikhemistri yokwenene yesisombululo, ubushushu, i-pH, inqanaba lechloride, amandla okwenza i-oxidation, isantya, ukuthanda ukungcola, inkqubo yokucoca, uyilo lwamapayipi ukuya kwiphepha lamapayipi, kunye neemfuno zekhowudi ezisebenzayo phambi kokuba wenze iinkcukacha zokugqibela.
  

  Umzobo wokukhetha i-alloy yomatshintshi-bushushu obekeleleneyo

Isishwankathelo sokuthelekisa ngokukhawuleza

Olu thelekiso lwe-hastelloy luyacaca ngakumbi xa ezi alloy zimbini zivavanywa ngemigangatho efanayo esebenzisekayo.

• Usapho lwe-alloy esisiseko
  • Hastelloy C-276: I-alloy ye-nickel-chromium-molybdenum ene-tungsten, eyaziwa ngokurhweba njenge-alloy ye-nickel esebenza kakhulu nengatyiwayo.
  • UNS S32205: Intsimbi engatyiwayo yohlobo lwe-duplex enesakhiwo esixubeneyo se-austenitic-ferritic, edla ngokunxulunyaniswa nezigaba ze-duplex eziyi-2205.
  • Impembelelo esebenzayo: I-C-276 yialoyi ekumelana nokugqwala kuqala; i-UNS S32205 yialoyi elinganayo ngokomeleleyo nokumelana nokugqwala.
• Olona lungelelwaniso lufanelekileyo lwesiguquli sobushushu
  • Hastelloy C-276: Izitshintshi zokushisa zenkqubo yekhemikhali, izipholisi okanye izifudumezi zeasidi, inkonzo enzima ye-chloride/halide, kunye nezixhobo apho umngcipheko wemhlwa okhethekileyo ubukhulu.
  • UNS S32205: Izitshintshi zamanzi abandayo, izitshintshi zamanzi anetyuwa, imisinga emininzi yenkqubo engcoliswe yi-chloride, imisebenzi ye-oyile negesi okanye yeyeyurefayina elingaphakathi kwemida yodidi.
  • Impembelelo esebenzayo: Ukuba umlambo unekhemikhali eyonakalisayo, i-C-276 inyukela kuluhlu lwezinto eziphambili. Ukuba inkonzo ikubangela kakhulu ukugqwetheka ngenxa yeekhlorayidi emanzini, i-UNS S32205 isenokuba sisisombululo esingabizi kakhulu.
• Iprofayile yokuxhathisa ukugqwala
  • Hastelloy C-276: Ukumelana okomeleleyo neeasidi eziyoksidayizingi nezingeyoksidayizingi, ukugqojozwa yi-chloride, uhlaselo lwezidladla, kunye nokuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo nentsimbi ebangelwa yi-chloride.
  • UNS S32205: Ukumelana okufanelekileyo nokugqwetheka ngokubanzi, iingxwaba, ukugqwetheka kwezikhala, ukugqwetheka ngenxa yokhukuliseko, ukudinwa ngenxa yokugqwetheka, kunye nokuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo nokugqwetheka kwiimeko ezinecloride.
  • Impembelelo esebenzayo: Zombini zinokugqwesa iintsimbi ezingatyiwayo ezi-austenitic eziqhelekileyo kwiinkonzo zechloride, kodwa i-C-276 ngokubanzi ijoliswe kwiimeko zeekhemikhali ezinzima ngakumbi.
• Amandla noyilo lomatshini
  • Hastelloy C-276: Iyagobeka, iyabunjwa, iyatsalelana, kwaye ilungele izixhobo zeekhemikhali ezifuna uqiniso olukhulu.
  • UNS S32205: Inika amandla aphezulu oomatshini, achazwe ngu-Alleima njengaphantse aphindwe kabini amandla obungqinelelo bentsimbi engatyiwayo ye-austenitic.
  • Impembelelo esebenzayo: I-UNS S32205 inokuba nomtsalane apho kubalulekile ukomelela, uyilo oluxhomekeke kuxinzelelo, kunye nobunzima, ngelixa i-C-276 ikhethwa xa umda wokungabambeleli kukona kuyinto egqithisayo.

Isazisi sesixhobo nenjongo yoyilo

I-Hastelloy C-276 yenzelwe ukugqwala okukhulu.

IHastelloy C-276, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-UNS N10276, ayingomnye nje “ongcono intsimbi engatyiwayo. Yialoyi esekelwe kwinikeli engatyiwayo. enomlinganiselo omncinci we-nickel, i-chromium, i-molybdenum, i-ayini, i-tungsten, kunye nomxholo ophantsi kakhulu wekhabhoni nesilicon. U-Haynes uphawula ukuba le alloy yaphuhliswa njengento eyomeleziweyo ye-nickel-chromium-molybdenum eyanciphisa iinkxalabo ezinxulumene nokuncamathisela kwaye yamkeleka ngokubanzi kwiinkqubo zeekhemikhali nakwamanye amashishini anxulumeneyo.

Kwintetho yezitshintshi-bushushu, oko kuthetha ukuba i-C-276 idla ngokucingelwa xa isitshintshi-bushushu sibe kuchanabeko kumanzi anokuyonakalisa iindidi eziqhelekileyo zentsimbi engatyiwayo: i-asidi ye-hydrochloric, iintlobo ze-asidi yesulfuric ezinobungozi, iimeko ezimanzi ezinxulumene neklorini, ii-asidi ezixutyiweyo, ii-asidi ezineklorayidi, okanye izikhewu ekungenakuphetshwa ngokupheleleyo. Ixabiso layo alikho nje ekumelaneni nentsimbi ngokubanzi; kusoloko kukumelana nokuhlaselwa kwindawo ethile okwenza uhlaziyo lube yimfuneko. Ityhubhu inokubonakala yamkelekile kwindawo enkulu yomphezulu wayo ize isilele kwangoko ukuba ukuqhwatywa, ukugqwetheka kwezikhala, okanye ukuqhekeka kuqala kwindawo ekugciniweyo, kwincam yegasketi, kumdibaniso otyunjiweyo, okanye kwindawo engahambiyo.

I-UNS S32205 yenzelwe amandla alinganayo nokumelana neklorayidi.

Ayibhalwanga I-S32205 yintsimbi engatyiwayo yohlobo lwe-duplex. Ikhemistri enxulumene ne-2205 duplex. I-Alleima idwelisa i-SAF® 2205 njenge Intsimbi engatyiwayo ye-duplex yohlobo lwe-austenitic-ferritic enokumelana okuphezulu nokuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo nomhlwa kwiimeko ezinecloride, ukumelana okuphezulu nomhlwa jikelele, umhlwa wokwenza imingxuma nomhlwa wamacandelo, amandla aphezulu oomatshini, kunye nokukwazi ukudityaniswa kakuhle. Umxube wawo oqhelekileyo ujikeleze ikhromiyam, iniki, imolibdenam, kunye ne-nitrogen, nekhemistri yayo ilungiselelwe ngokugqibeleleyo ngaphakathi I-duplex engagqwali Usapho lunikeze i-equivalent yokumelana nokugqabhuka okuphezulu.

Kwiitshintshi-bushushu, i-UNS S32205 isoloko ilinyathelo elilandelayo elingcono kune-316L xa kukho iinkxalabo ngeeklorayidi, amandla aphezulu, okanye ukudinwa ngenxa yokugqwala. Ayisiyondlela yokutshintsha i-nickel alloy C-276 kuyo yonke indawo, kodwa ingalungela kakhulu apho ulwelo lungenayo i-asidi enamandla okanye i-chemically reducing, kwaye apho iimeko zoyilo zihlala ngaphakathi kwemida evumelekileyo. Kuphononongo olusebenzayo lwe-hastelloy xa ithelekiswa ne-duplex, i-UNS S32205 iphumelela xa inkonzo ingayifuni inkcaso yeekhemikhali ye-C-276 kwaye iprojekthi ixhamla kumandla e-duplex.

Yeyiphi i-alloy esebenza ngcono ekulawuleni iiklorayidi nokugqwetheka okwenzeka kwiindawo ezifihlakeleyo?

IHastelloy C-276 yeyona ilungele iimeko ezinecloride ne-halide ezinzima, ingakumbi apho kulindeleke ukugqwala kwezikhala, iidipozithi, iindawo ezimileyo, ii-asidi eziine-chloride, okanye ukuchanabeka kwiikhemikhali ezixubeneyo. I-UNS S32205 ikwanayo nokumelana okomeleleyo neekhlorayidi xa ithelekiswa neentsimbi ezingatyiwayo eziqhelekileyo ze-austenitic kwaye isetyenziswa ngokukodwa kumanzi okupholisa aneekhlorayidi okanye anetyuwa encinci, kodwa akufuneki iphathwe njengokulingana ne-C-276 kwiinkonzo ezinobungozi be-asidi-halide. U-Haynes uthi i-C-276 inokumelana okugqwesileyo nokugqobhoza nokuhlaselwa kwemifantu xa kukho iiklorayidi nezinye ii-halides, ngelixa u-Alleima esithi i-SAF® 2205 ingasetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu kunye nomlinganiselo weklorayidi kuno-ASTM TP304 no-TP316 ngaphandle kokugqobhoza phantsi kweemeko zaselebhu ekubhekiselwe kuzo.

Sebenzisa olu thelekiso lwe-alloy olugxile kwi-chloride:

• Xa ikhlorayidi ikhona ikakhulu emanzini okupholisa
  • Hastelloy C-276: Yomelele ngokobuchwepheshe, kodwa isenokuba yintlanganisela engaphezulu kunoko kufunwa yinkonzo, ngaphandle kokuba iimeko zishushu ngokungaqhelekanga, zimile, zineasidi, okanye zikholisa ukuvelisa izikhewu.
  • UNS S32205: Kwiimeko ezininzi, iyakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle kumanzi anetyuwa encinci okanye anekhloraide xa iimeko zoyilo nezokusebenza zifanelekile.
  • Indawo yokwenza isigqibo: Qala nge-UNS S32205 ukuba inkonzo ifana namanzi abandayo anetyuwa encinci kunokuba ibe yinkonzo yeasidi yekhemikhali enobungozi.
• Xa i-chloride idibana ne-pH ephantsi okanye iikhemikhali ezinobungozi
  • Hastelloy C-276: Kufaneleke ngakumbi kuba ikhemistri yayo yenikeli-molibdenum-kromiyam yenzelwe ukumelana nogrunjo lweekhemikhali ngokubanzi.
  • UNS S32205: Inganokuba nemida ukuba i-asidi isebenza, ingcolile, ishushu, okanye ingaphandle kweqweqwe le-duplex stainless.
  • Indawo yokwenza isigqibo: Yiya kwi-C-276 xa ii-chlorides zingezizo nje iitshizi emanzini kodwa ziyinxalenye yomjelo wenkqubo enobungozi ngokwe-kemikhali.
• Xa imikrozo ingenakuphetshwa
  • Hastelloy C-276: Ifaneleke ngakumbi apho amadlontshane ane-gasket, izikhewu phakathi kwe-tube ne-tubesheet, iidipozithi, okanye iindawo zokuhamba kancinci kwamanzi zonyusa umngcipheko wemhlwa okhethekileyo.
  • UNS S32205: Ingcono kuneentsimbi ezininzi ezingatyiwayo eziqhelekileyo, kodwa isafuna uyilo olucopheleleyo, ukuveliswa, ukucocwa, kunye nokulawulwa kwesantya.
  • Indawo yokwenza isigqibo: Ukuba ukufikelela ukuze kuqwalaselwe akulunganga kwaye ixesha lokumisa umsebenzi libiza kakhulu, umda owongezelelweyo wokumelana nomhlwa we-C-276 kunokuba lula ukuwuthethelela.
• Xa eyona nto yoyikisayo kukuqhekeka ngenxa yokuguga
  • Hastelloy C-276: I-Haynes inika ingxelo yokumelana okomeleleyo nokuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo lweklorayidi, kwaye iphawula ukuba i-C-276 ayiqhekekanga kuvavanyo olubhekiselelweyo lweeyure ezili-1,008 lokubilisa i-magnesium chloride.
  • UNS S32205: I-Alleima inika ingxelo yokumelana kakuhle ne-SCC ye-SAF® 2205, kunye nokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu kuneentsimbi ezingatyiwayo ezi-austenitic eziqhelekileyo kuvavanyo lwe-calcium chloride ekujongiswe kulo.
  • Indawo yokwenza isigqibo: Zombini ziphucula iintsimbi ezingatyiwayo ezi-austenitic eziqhelekileyo, kodwa i-C-276 isala iyeyona ikhethekileyo kwiindibaniselwano zeekhemikhali ze-chloride ezinzima ngakumbi.

Inkonzo ye-asidi iyahlula ezi alloyi zimbini.

Inkonzo yeasidi yindawo apho isigqibo se-hastelloy c-276 vs uns32205 sifane sibe sobunono ngakumbi. I-C-276 isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zeshishini leenkqubo zeekhemikhali kuba imelana noluhlu olubanzi lweekhemikhali ezigugisayo, kuquka zombini ii-asidi ezibangela i-oxidation nezingayibangeli. I-Haynes ithelekisa ngokukodwa i-C-276 neentsimbi ezingatyiwayo kwi-asidi ye-hydrochloric nakwi-asidi yesulfuric, ize ingxelo yophuculo olukhulu lokusebenza kuneentsimbi ezingatyiwayo kwi-asidi ye-hydrochloric enama-5 epesenti nangaphezulu kwiitshati zayo zokuthelekisa. (haynesintl.com)

I-UNS S32205 ingasebenza kakuhle kwizisombululo zenkqubo ezikhethiweyo nakwiimeko zeasidi yesulfuric etyhaphileyo, kodwa iintsimbi ezingatyiwayo eziphindwe kabini azikhethwa kuyo yonke imisebenzi yeasidi. U-Alleima uqaphela ukuba ukungcola kunokwandisa ukugqwetheka kwizisombululo zeasidi zenkqubo kwaye ucebisa izinto ezinamandla ngakumbi ezixubeneyo ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokugqwetheka okusebenzayo. Olu lulumo olubaluleke kakhulu kwizixhobo zokutshintshisa ubushushu kuba ulwelo lokwenene aluqhele ukuziphatha njengeasidi ezicocekileyo zaselebhu; lunokuba neeklorayidi, iifluorayidi, izinto ezenza oksijini, i-ayoni zentsimbi, izinto eziqinileyo eziphezu kolwelo, amasalela okucoca, okanye utshintsho lokuxinana kwiindawo ezishushu. (alleima.com)

Uthelekiso olusebenzisekayo lweenkonzo ze-asidi:

• I-asidi ye-hydrochloric okanye umxube we-asidi ne-chloride: Khetha iHastelloy C-276 ngaphandle kokuba iimvavanyo namava zixhasa ngokucacileyo i-duplex stainless.
• I-asidi ecoliweyo, elawulwayo, ekwiqondo lobushushu eliphakathi: I-UNS S32205 ingaqwalaselwa ukuba ikhemistri yeasidi, ukungcola, kunye nobushushu zingaphakathi kwemida eqinisekisiweyo.
• Ikhemistri yezityalo eguquguqukayo: Xhasa i-C-276 okanye kufuneke kuvavanywe iikuphoni, kuba ukuphazamiseka kunye nokuguquguquka kokugxila kunokuba negalelo elikhulu kwindlela yokusilela.
• Ukugqwala okubangelwa yiasidi kunye neendunduma okanye ukungafakeli iindunduma zaneleyo: Sebenzisa i-Favor C-276 xa ukucoca kungakwazi ukuthintela ngokuthembekileyo ukuma kwamanzi ezikheweni.
• Ukuhlamba nge-asidi kwesijikiseli: Jonga ukuba iikhemikhali zokucoca azibukhali ngakumbi na kunokusebenza okuqhelekileyo; ukonakala kwezinto ezininzi kubangelwa ngexesha lokucoca, hayi kwimveliso ezinzileyo.

Ukudluliswa kobushushu nokuziphatha kobushushu kubalulekile, kodwa ukugqwala kusekhokela.

Ukukwazi ukudlulisa ubushushu ngamanye amaxesha kukhutshwa njengesizathu sokukhetha i-duplex stainless kuno-nickel alloy. Kwiingqikelelo zenkonzo ecocekileyo, ukukwazi ukudlulisa ubushushu kunokuchaphazela ukuxhathisa kodonga, kodwa kwiitshintshi-zokushisa ezininzi zemizi-mveliso ukuxhathisa okulawulayo asikodonga lentsimbi lodwa; kusoloko kukukrwempuka, iikoefficient zefilimu, ipatheni yokuhamba, isikwe, ukwakheka kwezinto ezibekekileyo, okanye isithuba esifakelweyo ngenxa yokugqwetheka. Yiyo loo nto ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha kufanele kuqale ngokuhambelana nokugqwala, kwaye emva koko kuqinisekiswe ukuba udonga lwetubhu olukhethiweyo, ubukhulu balo, kunye nejometri yesixhobo sokutshintshisa ubushushu ziyayifezekisa na imfuneko yomthwalo wobushushu.

Ngokwexabiso elifumanekayo kwi-datasheet, i-C-276 ne-SAF® 2205 zinomlinganiselo ofanayo wokuhambisa ubushushu kwiqondo lobushushu eliqhelekileyo le-heat exchanger, apho i-C-276 idweliswe nguHaynes njenge-11.2 W/m·°C kwi-100°C ne-12.9 W/m·°C kwi-200°C, ngelixa i-Alleima ibala i-SAF® 2205 kwi-16 W/m·°C kwi-100°C ne-17 W/m·°C kwi-200°C. La manani awathethi ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba i-UNS S32205 iza kwenza i-exchanger engcono, kuba ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu okuvumelekileyo kunokuvumela uyilo olwahlukileyo, ixesha lokucoca, okanye ulindelo lobomi benkonzo. (haynesintl.com)

Iqondo lobushushu likwathinta ukukhethwa kwe-alloy ngenye indlela: imida yezonyanzelo zentsimbi nemithetho yekhowudi. I-Alleima ilumkisa ukuba ukuchanabeka ixesha elide kwe-SAF® 2205 ngaphezu kwe-280°C kunokutshintsha isakhiwo sayo esincinci kwaye kunciphise amandla okumelana nomothuko, ngelixa iphawula ukuba Iityhubhu zotshintshiselwano lobushushu inokusetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwezinye iimeko kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuqhagamshelwane nomthengisi ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe. Kwisicelo se-pressure vessel, i-Alleima ichaza i-280°C njengowona mlinganiselo uphezulu phantsi kweemfuno ezithile ezibhekiswe kuzo, ngoko ke abayili kufuneka baqinisekise ikhowudi elawulayo kunye nohlobo lwemveliso kunokuba bathathe ngokuba zonke izixhobo ze-2205 zineemvume zamaqondo obushushu afanayo.

Yeyiphi inketho ekulula ukuyithethelela ngokweendleko?

I-UNS S32205 idla ngokuba lula ukuyithethelela ngeendleko zokuqala zezinto kunye neendleko zexesha layo lokuphila xa inkonzo ikwi-duplex stainless capability, ngelixa i-Hastelloy C-276 iyathetheleleka lula xa iindleko zokungaphumeleli ngenxa yokugqwetheka, ukuvuza, ungcoliseko, ukuvalwa okungacwangciswanga, okanye ukutshintshwa ziphezulu kunepremiyamu ye-alloy. Esi sesona siphendulo siqhelekileyo sokurhweba kulonyulo phakathi kweHastelloy ne-duplex: i-duplex stainless lolona khetho lunexabiso elifanelekileyo kwinkonzo enekloraide ephakathi, kwaye i-C-276 lolona khetho lokunciphisa umngcipheko wokugqwala okukhulu kweekhemikhali.

Qwalasela iindleko ngokwamanqanaba, hayi nje ixabiso ngekhilogram:

• Iindleko zokuthenga izinto
  • Hastelloy C-276: Umxholo ophezulu wenickel, imolybdenum, kunye netungsten ngokwesiqhelo wenza ukuba ibe yinto ekumgangatho ophezulu.
  • UNS S32205: Ngokuqhelekileyo zonga imali ngakumbi kune-alloys ezinonyi-nickel ephezulu ezingamelaniyo nokugqwala.
  • Indawo yokwenza isigqibo: Ukuba zombini ezi alloys zamkeleka ngokobuchwepheshe, i-UNS S32205 idla ngokuba nesizathu esinamandla ngakumbi sokuthengwa.
• Iindleko zokwenziwa nokushicilelwa
  • Hastelloy C-276: Iyatsalwayo kwaye iyabunjwa, kodwa ukwenziwa kwayo kufuneka kuqwalasele ukuqina okubangelwa kukusetyenzwa, imida yokubumba, ukulungelelanisa iintsimbi zokuzalisa, kunye neemfuno zonyango lobushushu emva kokubumba apho zifunekayo.
  • UNS S32205: Kulula ukuyisiba, kodwa ukusiba kufuneka kugcine ibhalansi yeesigaba ze-duplex kwaye kulandele imiqathango yokufakwa kobushushu kunye nolawulo lobushushu phakathi kweenkqubo zokusiba.
  • Indawo yokwenza isigqibo: Akukho nanye kwezi alloys ekufuneka ithathwe lula; sebenzisa abenzi abanamava ngobuhlobo obukhethiweyo.
• Ixesha lokungasebenzi neziphumo zokusilela
  • Hastelloy C-276: Kuyatsala ngakumbi xa ukusilela kungayinqanda imveliso, kudale umngcipheko wokusingqongileyo, kungcolise imveliso, okanye kufune ukufakwa kwakhona kweetubing okunzima.
  • UNS S32205: Kuyatsala ngakumbi apho ukuhlolwa, ukucocwa, nokutshintshwa kunokulawuleka kwaye umngcipheko wemhlwa ngqina ukuba uyamkeleka.
  • Indawo yokwenza isigqibo: Okukhona isohlwayo sokuvala sikhulu, kokukhona umda wokugqwala ubaluleka ngakumbi.
• Ukungaqiniseki kobomi benkonzo
  • Hastelloy C-276: Kulungele ngakumbi xa ikhemistri itshintsha okanye kulindelwe iimeko eziphazamisekileyo.
  • UNS S32205: Kulungele ngakumbi xa iifestile zokusebenza zilawulwa kwaye zixhaswe ngamava okusebenza angaphambili okanye ngovavanyo.
  • Indawo yokwenza isigqibo: Hlawula ukuze uqinisekiswe apho ikhemistri yenkqubo ingenakugcinwa ngokuqinileyo.

Ukwenziwa, ukutsalwa, kunye neenkcukacha zokudibanisa imibhobho kwipleyiti yembhobho zichaphazela ukusebenza.

Izinto zokutshintshisa ubushushu zinokungaphumeleli ngenxa yokwenziwa okungekho mgangathweni, nokuba ingqindilili esisiseko ifanelekile. Iindawo zokudibanisa, iincam zemibhobho ezandisiweyo, izikhewu kwi-tubesheets, iindawo apho i-baffle idibana khona, imijelo yokukhupha amanzi engahambiyo, iindawo apho i-gasket idibana khona, kunye neendawo ezingacocwanga kakuhle ziindawo eziqhelekileyo apho ukuqala korosi. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kuthelekiso lwe-hastelloy kuba i-alloy ekhethiweyo iyinxalenye nje yenkqubo yokuqhutywa korosi.

Kwi-Hastelloy C-276, uHaynes udwelisa le alloy njengefanelekileyo kwiinkqubo eziqhelekileyo zokuncamathisela eziquka i-GMA/MIG, i-GTA/TIG, kunye ne-SMA/stick, kwaye uqaphela ukuba iintsimbi zokuzalisa ezifanelekileyo ziyafumaneka. UHaynes ukwathetha ukuba iimveliso ze-C-276 ezenziwe ngokubunjwa zihanjiswa zifudunyezwe emva kokwenziwa kwimveliso ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe ngenye indlela, kwaye ukuphinda zifudunyezwe kuyafuneka emva kokubunjwa ngokushushu nasemva kokubunjwa ngokubanda ngaphezu kweemeko ezimisiweyo zokuguqulwa ukuze kubuyiselwe iimpawu ezigqwesileyo.

Kwi-UNS S32205, indlela yokushwabana ijolise ekugcineni isakhiwo se-duplex. I-Alleima ithi i-SAF® 2205 inokushwabaniswa ngaphandle kokufudunyezwa kwangaphambili kwaye unyango lobushushu olulandelayo ludla ngokungafuneki, ngelixa icebisa ukufakwa kobushushu okulawulwayo kunye nobushushu phakathi kwezigaba zokushwabana obungaphantsi kwe-150°C. Olo xholo lunye luqaphela ukuba ukwandiswa kwetiyubhu kufuna amandla aphezulu okuqala kunentsimbi engatyiwayo ye-austenitic ngenxa yamandla aphezulu okungqina nokutsaleka, nto leyo enxulumene ngqo nokwenziwa kwezixhobo zokutshintshiselana ngobushushu.

Iindawo zokujonga iinkcukacha ze-alloy nganye:

• Chaza ukuba Iityhubhu azinamthungo okanye zidityanisiwe kwaye ziyangqinelana ne-ASTM efanelekileyo., i-ASME, i-EN, okanye umgangatho weprojekthi.
• Lungelelanisa ityhubhu, ityhubhu-shethi, i-weld overlay, isinyithi sokuzalisa, kunye nezinto zegasket kwimeko efanayo yokugqwetheka.
• Phepha iindawo ezingashukumiyo, izikhewu ezimileyo, kunye neendawo ezibamba ukungcola kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
• Chaza iimfuno zokucoca, zokufaka i-pickling, zokuthomalalisa, okanye zokugqibezela umphezulu ezifanelekileyo kulo mxube wentsimbi.
• Lawula iziqinisekiso zenkqubo yoku-welda, ubushushu obufakwayo, iqondo lobushushu phakathi kweenkqubo, kunye nokuhlolwa.
• Yimfuno iingxelo zovavanyo lwezinto kunye nokuchongwa kwezinto okusemthethweni kwizixhobo ezibaluleke kakhulu.
• Hlola izibini zegalvanic ukuba isijikelezisi sidibanisa iialoyi ezingafaniyo.

Iingcebiso ezisekelwe kwisicelo

Izitshintshi zamanzi abandayo namanzi anetyuwa encinci

I-UNS S32205 isoloko ilolona alloy luqala ukuvavanywa kwizixhobo zotshintshiselwano lobushushu ezisebenzisa amanzi abandayo ane-chloride okanye amanzi anetyuwa. Indibaniselwano yayo yokuxhasa ukugqwala okuncinci (pitting), ukuxhasa i-SCC, ukuxhasa ukugqwala ngenxa yokukhuhleka (erosion-corrosion), kunye namandla aphezulu iyakwazi ukulungela iingxaki ezininzi zezixhobo zotshintshiselwano ezisecaleni lamanzi ngcono kuneentsimbi ezingatyiwayo eziqhelekileyo ze-300-series. I-Alleima ngokukodwa ichonga i-SAF® 2205 njengeyona ilungele izitshintshi-bushushu ezisebenzisa izinto ezipholisayo ezine-chloride okanye amanzi anetyuwa.

IHastelloy C-276 isenokukhethwa kwinkonzo ekufuphi nolwandle okanye emanzini anetyuwa encinci ukuba umngcipheko wemikrwelo mkhulu, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, iidipozithi zihlala zibuya, okanye iziphumo zokungaphumeleli zimbi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiinkonzo ezininzi zamanzi abandayo alawulwayo, umxube we-alloy owongeziweyo usenokungahambisi ixabiso elilinganayo lezoqoqosho. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukuthelekisa iindleko zizonke zofakelo, ufikelelo lokuhlola, isicwangciso sokucoca, kunye neendlela zokungcola ezilindelekileyo kunokuba ukhethe ngokwezinga lokugqwala kuphela.

Inkqubo yekhemikhali kunye nabatshintshi be-asidi

IHastelloy C-276 idla ngokuba lolona khetho luqinileyo kwizitshintshi-bushushu zenkqubo yekhemikhali apho icala lenkqubo libandakanya iiasidi eziyingozi, iiklorayidi, iihalayidi, okanye ikhemistri engacacanga. I-Haynes idwelisa iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-C-276 kushishino lweenkqubo zeekhemikhali, eziquka ii-reactors, izitshintshi zokushisa, kunye neekholam, kwaye ichaza amandla ayo okumelana neeasidi zombini ezibulala i-oksijini nezingayibulali.

I-UNS S32205 ingafaneleka kwizisombululo zenkqubo ezingagqithisiyo, ingakumbi apho kufuneka ukumelana ne-chloride namandla kodwa imidiya ayinciphisi kakhulu, ayinantsholongwane kakhulu, okanye ayikholiseki ekubeni nokugqwetheka okukhutheleyo. Ukuba umsinga unezinto ezingcolileyo ezonyusa ukugqwetheka, uyilo kufuneka luqinisekiswe ngedatha yokugqwetheka okanye ngovavanyo lwasentsimini. Kuyo nayiphi na i-exchanger esetyenziselwa i-asidi, kufuneka kuqulwe iimeko zokuqalisa, zokuvala, zokucoca, zokugxininisa, kunye nezemvuthululo kuphononongo lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.

Ireyinifayithi, i-oyile negesi, kunye neemeko ezine-asidi

I-UNS S32205 sele isetyenziswa kwiindawo zeprojekthi ze-oyile negesi kunye neendawo ezifana neerefinari, ingakumbi apho iiklorayidi, iingqwalasela ze-hydrogen sulfide, kunye namandla oomatshini ziyinxalenye yesiseko soyilo. I-Alleima idwelisa iimvume ezinxulumene ne-NACE kunye neemeko zamkelwano ze-SAF® 2205 kwiimeko ezinetyuwa, apho imida ixhomekeke kwimeko, ubulukhuni, uxinzelelo oluyinxenye lwe-hydrogen sulfide, kunye nobushushu. Ezo nkcukacha kufuneka zikhangelwe ngqo kumgangatho olawulayo weprojekthi kunye nendlela echanekileyo yemveliso.

IHastelloy C-276 inokuba yeyona ifanelekileyo nakwimisebenzi yeekhemikhali ezinencasa ebabayo okanye ezigugisayo kakhulu, ingakumbi xa ukudumba ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwe-chloride, ukudumba ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwe-sulfide, kunye neekhemikhali zenkqubo ezinobungozi zidibana. Kufuneka iqwalaselwe apho i-duplex stainless ingasebenzi kakuhle ngokobuchwepheshe okanye apho i-exchanger isebenza kwimeko-bume edityanisiweyo enzima. Isigqibo sokugqibela kufuneka senziwe ngemvo yobunjineli bokugqwetheka, kunokuba kube kukutshintshwa nje ngolobo oluqhelekileyo.

Uluhlu lokujonga phambi kokukhetha i-alloy

Phambi kokugqibezela iHastelloy C-276 vs uns32205 yokutshintshisana ubushushu, qokelela idatha yenkonzo elawula ngokwenene ukugqwala nokuthembeka koyilo.

• Ikhemistri yenkqubo: Chonga zonke izithako eziphambili nezincinci, kuquka iiklorayidi, ii-asidi, izinto ezivuthayo, iintlobo zesalfure, iifluorayidi, ii-ayoni zentsimbi, kunye neekhemikhali zokucoca.
• Iqondo lobushushu lokusebenza: Sebenzisa amaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo, aphezulu kakhulu, okonakalayo, okuqalisa, okuvala, nokucoca, hayi kuphela umyinge woyilo.
• I-pH kunye nomlinganiselo: Jonga ukuba ukunyamalala kwamanzi, ukubilisa, ukwakheka kwezinto ezibambeleleyo, okanye ukugxilisa kwezinto ekumphandle wokudlulisa ubushushu kutshintsha na ikhemistri yaloo ndawo.
• Ukugeleza nokungcola: Qwalasela isantya, izinto eziqinileyo, ukunamathela kwezinto eziphilayo, ukwakheka kwezinto, ukugqwetheka okungaphantsi kwezinto ezibekweyo, kunye neendawo ezimileyo.
• Uyilo lwesixhobo sokutshintshisana: Hlola imilo ye-shell-and-tube, ye-plate, ye-welded plate, ye-gasketed plate, ye-double-pipe, okanye ye-coil ukuze kubonakale umngcipheko wemisinga.
• Indlela yokwenziwa: Qinisekisa Ukwelda iipayipi, ukwandiswa kwetiyubhu, imathiriyeli yetyubushithi, i-overlays, iintsimbi zokuzalisa, unyango lobushushu, kunye neemfuno zokuhlolwa.
• Iimfuno zekhowudi: Qinisekisa imigaqo ye-ASME, ASTM, NACE, EN, yomthengi, kunye neyemigqomo yoxinzelelo ukuze ufumane imo yomkhiqizo kunye nobushushu obuchanekileyo.
• Isicwangciso sokugcinwa: Bandakanya iikhemikhali zokucoca, ubuninzi bokucoca, ufikelelo lokuhlola, ubunzima bokufaka iitubhu ezintsha, kunye nokufumaneka kwezinto ezitshintshwayo.
• Isiphumo sokungaphumeleli: Qikelela iindleko zokuvuza, ukungcoliseka okutshintshisanayo, ukuchanabeka kokusingqongileyo, ukuvalwa okungacwangciswanga, kunye nokutshintshwa.
• Ubungqina: Sebenzisa idatha yababoneleli, amava angaphambili kwisityalo, iikhowuni zokugqwala, uvavanyo lwephayiloti, okanye uphononongo lokugqwala lwecala lesithathu xa inkonzo isemda.

Isindululo sokugqibela

Kwiitshintshi-bushushu, isindululo esisebenzisekayo silula: khetha i-UNS S32205 xa isetyenziswa emanzini ane-chloride, emanzini anetyuwa afikelelayo, okanye kwinkonzo yenkqubo ephakathi apho ukusebenza kwe-duplex stainless kungqineke kulungile kwaye ukonga iindleko kubalulekile. Chonga iHastelloy C-276 xa i-exchanger ijongene ne-asidi eyonakalisayo, iikhemikhali ezixubeneyo, ii-halides, iimeko ezinzima ze-crevice, ikhemistri etshintshayo, okanye iziphumo eziphezulu zokungaphumeleli ngenxa yokugqwetheka.

Olona thelekiso lufanelekileyo lwe-alloy asikokubuza “yeyiphi i-metal eyomeleleyo ephepheni,” kodwa kukubuza “yeyiphi imathiriyeli eyenza i-exchanger ithembeke kulwelo lokwenene.” I-UNS S32205 yinketho eyomeleleyo, engabizi kakhulu, kwaye engatyiwayo yomhlwa ye-duplex stainless. I-Hastelloy C-276 sisikhuseli esinentsimbi-mbi edityanisiweyo ephezulu kwiimeko zeekhemikhali ezinzima ngakumbi. Ukuba umsebenzi uphakathi kwazo zombini, musa ukuqikelela: vavanya ulwelo lwenyani, yenza imodeli yeemeko zokusebenza ezimbi kakhulu, kwaye uphonononge iinkcukacha zoyilo lwesixhobo sokutshintshiselana phambi kokuba uthenge.