Haste Alloy VS Phaepu yentsimbi engatyiwayo iSuper Duplex

Ukuba uthelekisa i-“Haste Alloy” nepayipi yentsimbi engatyiwayo ye-super duplex, kunokwenzeka ukuba ujonge iHastelloy xa ithelekiswa nentsimbi engatyiwayo ye-duplex esebenza kakhulu kwinkonzo yepayipi eyonakalisayo. Zombini ezi zinto zokwakha zinokugqwesa iipayipi eziqhelekileyo zentsimbi engatyiwayo, kodwa zicombulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo. Olona khetho lufanelekileyo luxhomekeke kwimeko yeekhemikhali, kwinqanaba lechloride, kubushushu, kwixinzelelo, kwiimfuno zamandla, nakwibajethi.

Yintoni umahluko wokwenene phakathi kweHaste Alloy nepayipi ye-super duplex?

Umahluko ophambili kukuba iHastelloy luluvo lwe-alloy esekelwe kwi-nickel engumelana nokugqwetheka, ngelixa ipayipi ye-super duplex ilulwelo lwentsimbi engatyiwayo olunolwakhiwo oluxubeneyo lwe-austenitic-ferritic. Ngamafutshane, iHastelloy idla ngokukhethwa xa ukugqwetheka kweekhemikhali kuyongongoma ephambili, ingakumbi kwii-asidi ezinobungozi, ngelixa Isinyithi esingatyiwayo esiphezulu kakhulu Ityhilwa rhoqo xa kufuneka amandla aphezulu nokumelana neklorayidi ngexabiso elilawulekayo ngakumbi.

Isivakalisi ipayipi ye-haste alloy vs ipayipi yentsimbi engatyiwayo ye-super duplex isetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo ngabathengi abathetha Hastelloy vs ipayipi yentsimbi engatyiwayo i-super duplex. Iigradi zeHastelloy ezifana neC276 zaziwa ngokumelana okugqwesileyo kwiimeko ezinzima zokuqhutywa kweekhemikhali. Iigradi zeSuper duplex ezifana ne2507 zaziwa ngokusebenza okuqinileyo kokomatshini kunye nokumelana okugqwesileyo nokugqojojwa yi-chloride, ukugqojojwa kwimithambo, kunye nokuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo nokugqojojwa.

Umbhobho wentsimbi engatyiwayo ofakelwe kwiziko lokulungisa imveliso yoshishino

Iintsapho ze-alloy kunye nesizathu sokuba zibaluleke

Incedo Uthelekiso lwezinto zokwakha imibhobho Iqala nekhemistri ye-alloy. Isiqhelo Imibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo Zixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-chromium ukuze yenze i-layer ye-oxide engasebenziyo enceda ukukhusela umphezulu. I-Duplex kunye ne i-super duplex zentsimbi engatyiwayo Yakha phezu kwesiseko esingako ngokulinganisa i-austenite ne-ferrite phases, nto leyo ephucula amandla nokumelana nokugqwala nge-chloride xa kuthelekiswa neendidi ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zentsimbi engatyiwayo.

IHastelloy, ngokwahlukileyo, isekelwe ikakhulu kwinikeli kunye nezongezo ezifana nemolybdenum nekhromiyam, kuxhomekeke kudidi lwayo. Olo lwakhiwo lweekhemikhali luyinika umda wokhuseleko obanzi kwiindawo ezininzi ezonakalisayo kakhulu, ingakumbi apho kubandakanyeka ii-asidi ezinciphayo okanye imilanjana yeekhemikhali ezixutyiweyo. Yiyo le nto I-alloy xa ithelekiswa ne-stainless Asingombuzo wexabiso kuphela. Ngumbuzo wendlela yokusilela, umngcipheko wokugcinwa, kunye nokuhambelana kweenkqubo.

Ukumelana nomhlwa yeyona nto igqibezelayo.

Kwiiprojekthi ezininzi, ukumelana nomhlwa seso sizathu sokuba le mathiriyeli ithelekiswe kwaphela. Super I-duplex engagqwali Isenza kakuhle kakhulu emanzini olwandle, emanzini anetyuwa, kwiinkonzo zokukhupha ityuwa emanzini, kwimveliso yaselwandle, nakwezinye iimeko ezinetyuwa eninzi (chloride). Iklasi ye-super duplex efana ne-2507 isoloko ine-PREN exabiso elimalunga nama-40 nangaphezulu, nto leyo ebonisa ukumelana okomeleleyo nokugqwala okwenza imingxuma.

I-Hastelloy C276 iyakwazi ukumelana kakhulu kwiimeko zeekhemikhali ezinzima, ine-PREN ephezulu ngokugqithisileyo edla ngokukhankanywa malunga nama-78. Ibaluleke ngakumbi apho iiasidi ezinamandla, iisalt ezibangela umhlwa, ulwelo lwenkqubo olungcolileyo, okanye imidiya exubeneyo engumhlwa zenza ukukhetha i-stainless steel kube yingozi. I-Super duplex ingaba yeyona ilungileyo kwiiklorayidi, kodwa isenokungabi yeyona ifanelekileyo kwiiasidi ezinamandla ezinciphisayo ezifana ne-hydrochloric acid okanye kwiimeko ezithile ze-sulfuric acid.

Iingqondiso eziphambili malunga nokugqwala:

• Khetha Gqwesile ipayipi edityanisiweyo Kumanzi olwandle, ezikweni, elwandle, phantsi kolwandle, igesi enetyuwa, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezininzi ezineklorayidi eninzi.
• Khetha iHastelloy xa inkqubo iquka ii-asidi ezinobungozi kakhulu, imilanjana yeekhemikhali ezixutyiweyo, okanye iimeko apho iintsimbi ezingatyiwayo zinokuba nemingxuma, ziqhekeke, okanye zilahlekelwe ngokukhawuleza bubukhulu bodonga.
• Musa ukukhetha naliphi na izinto ngokwegama layo kuphela. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokugqibela kufuneka kuqwalasele umxube, iqondo lobushushu, umthamo we-oksijini, izinto ezingcolisayo, isantya sokuhamba, kunye neekhemikhali zokucoca.

Zithelekiswa njani iipropathi ze-super duplex ngokomeleleyo nangobushushu?

Iipropathi ze-super duplex Zizizathu eziphambili ezenza iinjineli zikhethe le nto yokwakha imibhobho efuna umgudu omkhulu. Super I-duplex engagqwali inokunika amandla okuqala ukugoba angangama-550 MPa, kuxhomekeke kudidi nakwiinkcukacha, nto leyo eyenza ukuba yomelele kakhulu kuneentsimbi ezingatyiwayo eziqhelekileyo ze-austenitic ezifana ne-316L. Olo mandla lunokuxhasa iidizayini zodonga olubhityileyo kwezinye iinkqubo zokusetyenziswa, lunciphisa ubunzima ngelixa lugcina ukusebenza koxinzelelo.

IHastelloy ayibuthathaka, kodwa eyona nto iyenza ibe ngcono kakhulu kukumelana nokugqwala, hayi ukumelana kwayo nexabiso. Kwi Iinkqubo zemibhobho Apho amandla omatshini, ukumelana neekhlorayidi, kunye nolawulo lobunzima zonke zibalulekile, i-super duplex inokuba lukhetho olusebenzisekayo ngakumbi. Kwisetyenziso lokukhenkcisa okugqithisileyo kweekhemikhali okanye kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, iHastelloy inokuthethelela ixabiso layo eliphezulu kuba inokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuka kwangethuba.

Indlela yokuziphatha kubushushu nayo ibalulekile. Iigradi zeHastelloy zihlala zikhethwa kwiinkonzo zeekhemikhali ezikumgangatho ophezulu wobushushu ngenxa yokuzinza kwazo nokumelana nokugqwala. Super iintsimbi ezingatyiwayo eziphindwe kabini Zizinto ezinamandla, kodwa zinemiqathango yobushushu bokusebenza ekufuneka ihlonitshwe ukuze kukhuselwe isakhiwo sazo esincinci kunye nokusebenza kwazo ekuthinteleni ukurusa.

Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwezinto zokwakha umbhobho ngamnye

Gqwesile Iipayipi zentsimbi engatyiwayo eziphindwe kabini Zisetyenziswa kakhulu apho kudibana amandla nokumelana ne-chloride. Imeko eziqhelekileyo ziquka iiplatifomu zaselwandle, imibhobho engaphantsi kolwandle, namanzi olwandle. Iinkqubo zokupholisa, izityalo zokukhupha intsalela emanzini, iinqanawa zeekhemikhali, iinkqubo zepulp nephepha, kunye nenkonzo yegesi ebunjiweyo. Kwezi meko, indibanisela yamandla nokumelana nokugqwala kweli phakheji inokonga imali ngakumbi kunokukhetha ngqo i-alloy yenickel.

Iipayipi zeHastelloy zixhaphakile kwiinkqubo zokucutshungulwa kweekhemikhali eziyingozi, ukuveliswa kweasidi, iinkqubo zokulawula ungcoliseko, ukuhluza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukucutshungulwa kwamachiza, kunye neereyakta ezikhethekileyo. Zisoloko zikhethwa xa ikhemistri yenkqubo imandundu kakhulu okanye ingaqondakaliyo kakhulu kwi-stainless steel. Ngamanye amazwi, iHastelloy idla ngokuba yindlela yokuphucula xa kwanokuba nezixhobo zentsimbi engatyiwayo ezisebenza kakhulu zingaboneleli ngomlinganiselo owaneleyo wokuthintela ukugqwala okanye ukungahambelani neekhemikhali.

Imbonakalo ecaleni ngecaleni yamacandelo emibhobho ye-duplex engagqwaliyo ne-nickel alloy.

Iindleko nexabiso lobomi bonke kufuneka zivavanywe zikunye.

Iindleko zezinto zokwakha zihlala zinyuka ngolu luhlu: intsimbi engatyiwayo eqhelekileyo, i-duplex stainless steel, i-super duplex stainless steel, emva koko iHastelloy kunye nezinye i-alloys zekhenikili ezikhethekileyo. Oko akuthethi ukuba eyona nto inexabiso eliphantsi yeyona iluncedo kakhulu. Umbhobho onexabiso eliphantsi owonakalayo kwangoko unabangela ukunqanda umsebenzi, iingozi zokhuseleko, ungcoliseko, umsebenzi wokutshintsha, kunye neelahleko kwimveliso.

Kwangaxeshanye, ukucacisa iinkcukacha ngokugqithisileyo kunokuchitha uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali. Ukuba umbhobho we-super duplex unokumelana ngokukhuselekileyo namanqanaba e-chloride, uxinzelelo, ubushushu, kunye neekhemikhali zokucoca, iHastelloy isenokungabikho mfuneko. Kodwa ukuba imibhobho iza kuthwala iiasidi ezinobungozi okanye imisinga yeekhemikhali etshintsha kakhulu, iindleko eziphezulu zokuqala zeHastelloy kunokuba lula ukuzithethelela.

Uluhlu lokujonga olusebenzisekayo:

1. Chaza ulwelo olwenene, kuquka izinto ezingcolisayo kunye nezicoci.
2. Qinisekisa umlinganiselo weklorayidi, i-pH, iqondo lobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye neemeko zokuhamba.
3. Chonga umngcipheko ophambili: ukugqobhoza, ukugqwala kwezikhala, ukuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo nokugqwala, ukhukuliseko, ukuguga, okanye uhlaselo lweasidi.
4. Thelekisa iimfuno zomatshini, kuquka amandla okuncipha, ubukhulu bodonga, kunye nobunzima bokufakela.
5. Phonononga iimfuno zokutshixela, zokuvelisa, zokuhlola, kunye nokufumaneka.
6. Vavanya iindleko zexesha lilonke lokuphila, hayi nje ixabiso lokuthenga.

Kufuneka ukhethe owaphi xa kunokhetho phakathi kwabo?

Khetha isuphu ipayipi yentsimbi engatyiwayo ye-duplex xa ufuna amandla aphezulu, ukumelana okomeleleyo ne-chloride, kunye nexabiso elihle lobomi bayo bonke kwimeko yaselwandle, ye-oyile negesi, yokususa ityuwa emanzini, okanye kwiimeko ezifanayo. Khetha iHastelloy xa ikhemistri inobungozi ngakumbi, ingakumbi apho kukho ii-asidi ezinciphayo, amanyolo enza i-oksijini, okanye iimeko zokusebenza ezinzima kakhulu zenza Ukusebenza kentsimbi engatyiwayo ayikho anasiqinisekiso.

Kwiiprojekthi ezininzi, isigqibo asikuko nje I-alloy xa ithelekiswa ne-stainless. Kumalunga nokulungelelanisa imathiriyeli neemeko zokusebenza zokwenene. I-Super duplex isoloko ilukhetho lobunjineli olusebenzayo kwiimeko ezinzima ze-chloride. I-Hastelloy isoloko ilukhetho olukhuselekileyo ngakumbi ekugugeni okugqithisileyo okubangelwa zikhemikhali.

Isishwankathelo sokugqibela

Imathiriyeli efanelekileyo yileyo ethintela ukusilela ngaphandle kokuchitha imali ngokugqithisileyo. Umbhobho we-Super duplex unika ulungelelwaniso olugqwesileyo lwamandla, ukumelana ne-chloride, kunye nokonga iindleko kwiinkqubo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso. I-Hastelloy inika inqanaba eliphezulu lokumelana neekhemikhali kwiinkonzo ezibukhali kakhulu. Phambi kokuba u-odole, qinisekisa i-grade echanekileyo, umgangatho, idatha yokugqwala, kunye neemeko zokusebenza kunye ne-injiniyere yezixhobo eqeqeshiweyo okanye umthengisi ukuze umbhobho okhethiweyo ungene kakuhle kwimeko yokwenene, hayi nje igama elikwimfuneko yobuchwepheshe.