904L Duplex stainless steel 1.4539 (UNS N08904）

Uluhlu lwezinto ezikule ncwadi

Yintoni intsimbi engatyiwayo? Ngenxa yokuba i-904L iqulathe i-nickel ne-molybdenum, inokumelana nokugqwethwa ngumhlwa okubangel?

I-904L yintsimbi engatyiwayo yohlobo lwe-austenitic. Nangona ithambile kakhulu kune-316L, ukongezwa kwe-molybdenum kuyinika amandla angcono okuxhathisa uhlaselo olujoliswe kwindawo ethile (ukugqwala okwimingxuma kunye nokugqwala okwizikhewu) oluvela kwii-chlorides, kunye nokuxhathisa okukhulu kwii-asidi ezinciphisayo, kwaye ngokukodwa ukongezwa kwe-copper kuyinika amandla aluncedo okuxhathisa ukugqwala kuzo zonke iindidi zokuxinana kwe-asidi yesulphuric. Inani layo eliphezulu le-alloying likwenza ukuba lomelele ngakumbi ekwaphukeni ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwe-chloride corrosion, kodwa lisengafunyanwa lula. Inani layo eliphantsi lekhabhoni liyenza ukuba ingachuku (sensitization) ngenxa yokutshisa ngentsimbi (welding), nto leyo ethintela umhlwa ophakathi kwezicucu (intergranular corrosion).

Iimveliso zentsimbi engatyiwayo engu-904L 1.44539 Ifomu

Iipayipi
Ityhubhu
Izixhobo zemibhobho
Iiflangi
Iivalve
Izibopheleli
Iipleyiti
Izinto ezityunjiweyo

Izicelo ze Ngenxa yokuba i-904L iqulathe i-nickel ne-molybdenum, inokumelana nokugqwethwa ngumhlwa okubangel intsimbi engatyiwayo

Intsimbi engatyiwayo engu-1.4539 904L isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini eekhemikhali, awamachiza, awewoyile nawephephana. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa ziquka iitanki, iivalvu, izitshintshi-bushushu, iiflensi kunye neemanifoldi. Ukongezwa kwekopha kumxube wentsimbi engatyiwayo engu-904L kunceda ukuyenza ilungele iinxalenye ezifana neetanki nezinye iimveliso ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha iasidi yesulphuric neyefosphoric.

EIzilinganisi zeklasi engu-904L

I-EU IsiNgesi	I-United States yaseMelika –	Efransi Afnor	I-Ngilani Ugqirha	Isweden I-SS	IPoland PN
X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5	904LN08904	Z2NCDU25-20	Ngu-904S13	2562	00H22N24M4TC

Ukwakhiwa Iindawo zokufumaneka kwe-grade ye-904L yentsimbi engatyiwayo

Ibanga		C	Mn	U	P	S	Khrayisiti	Moya	Nikhobhi	Ithusi
Ngenxa yokuba i-904L iqulathe i-nickel ne-molybdenum, inokumelana nokugqwethwa ngumhlwa okubangel	elincinci.elona likhulu.	-0.02	-2	-1	-0.045	-0.035	1923	45	2328	12

Iimpawu zoomatshini

Ibanga	Amandla okutsalwa (MPa) ubuncinane	Amandla Okuguga 0.2% Proof (MPa) ubuncinane	Ukweluleka (% kwi-50mm) ubuncinane	Ukuqina
				Rockwell B (HR B)	Brinell (HB)
Ngenxa yokuba i-904L iqulathe i-nickel ne-molybdenum, inokumelana nokugqwethwa ngumhlwa okubangel	490	220	36	70-90 ngokuqhelekileyo	150

Iimpawu Zomzimba

Ibanga	Uxinano (iikhilogram/umitha3)	Imoduli yeelastiki (Ijigaphayipi)	Umlinganiselo oMndilili wokuNwesa ngokuFudumala (µm/m/°C)			Ukuhamba kobushushu (Ubunzima/umthamo)		Ubushushu Obuthe Ngqo 0-100°C (J/kg.K)	Inkcaso yombane (nΩ.m)
			Ukusuka kuma-0 ukuya kuma-100 eCelsius	0-315°C	Ukusuka kumaqanda angama-0 ukuya kuma-538°C	Kwi-20°C	Kwi-500°C
Ngenxa yokuba i-904L iqulathe i-nickel ne-molybdenum, inokumelana nokugqwethwa ngumhlwa okubangel	7900	190	15	–	–	11.5	–	500	952

Ukumelana nokugqwala

Intsimbi engatyiwayo yohlobo lwe-904L yenziwe ikakhulu ukuba ikwazi ukumelana neasidi yesulfuric kwaye ikwanayo nokumelana okugqwesileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Inokumelana okugqwesileyo namanzi olwandle ashushu kunye neemeko zechloride. Umxholo ophawulekayo wenickel unika ukumelana okugqwesileyo nokuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo nomhlwa xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zentsimbi engatyiwayo. Umxholo wecopha uphucula ukumelana neasidi yesulfuric nezinye iiasidi ezinciphisayo, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezinzima.

Kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zomoya, intsimbi engatyiwayo yodidi lwe-904L inika ukumelana okulingeneyo nokugqwala phakathi kwe-alloy eqhelekileyo ye-austenitic 316L kunye ne-alloy ene-molybdenum eninzi ye-6% kwaye ifana neentlobo ze-alloy ze-super austenitic. Kwiimeko ezinobunono be-asidi ye-nitric, kusetyenziswa ukumelana okuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa ne-alloys ezingenayo i-molybdenum ezifana ne-304L ne-310L. Ukuze kufumaneke ukumelana okuphezulu kakhulu kokuqhekeka ngenxa yoxinzelelo nentshabalalo kwiimeko ezibalulekileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba intsimbi yenzelwe i-solution treating emva kokuqhutywa kwayo ngokubandayo.

Ukumelana nobushushu

Iintsimbi ezingatyiwayo zedarada engu-904L zinika ukumelana okulungileyo nokugqatswa. Nangona kunjalo, uzinzo lwesakhiwo saleli darada luyatshona kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ingakumbi ngaphezulu kwe-400°C.

Unyango lobushushu

Ukupholisa okucokisekileyo kwisixa esishushu kwiqondo lobushushu eliphakathi kwe-1050°C ne-1150°C, kulandelwe kukupholiswa ngokukhawuleza emoyeni okanye emanzini.

Ukusebenza okushushu

Umsebenzi oshushu kufuneka uqhubeke emva kokufudunyezwa ngokulinganayo ukuya kuma-2000-2200 F. Musa ukusebenza ngeli material kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphantsi kwe-1800 F. Ukupholiswa ngokupheleleyo (full annealing) kufuneka kulandele nawuphi na umsebenzi oshushu ukuze kubuyiswe amandla aphezulu okugobeka nokumelana nomhlwa.

Ukusebenza ngokuqinileyo

Nangona kufuneka amandla aphezulu, i-904L iza kusabela ngendlela efanayo nezinye iintsimbi ezingatyiwayo ze-austenitic ezifana ne-304, 316 okanye 317. Uninzi lweendlela zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo zinokwenziwa ngempumelelo.

Ukulungela ukwenziwa ngomatshini

Slow speeds and positive feeds will minimize this alloy’s tendency to work harden and glaze. Use chip breakers where possible to overcome problems with long draggy chips.

Ukushushu-welda

Ukwelda iintsimbi ezingatyiwayo zodidi lwe-904L kunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa zonke iindlela eziqhelekileyo. Olu didi alufuni ukufudunyezwa kwangaphambili nokunyangwa ngobushushu emva kokwelda. Udidi lwe-904L lunokubangelwa ukuqhekeka okushushu kwiindawo ezivelde ezinyanzelekileyo. Ii-electrode nee-rodi zeGreyidi 904L zisetyenziselwa ukushwabana kweentsimbi zegreyidi 904L ngokwe-AS 1554.6.

Ukwenziwa

I-Stainless Steel 904L yintsimbi ekumgangatho ophezulu enesulphur encinci. Inokwenziwa ngayo nayiphi na indlela eqhelekileyo. Olu hlobo lunokugobeka ngokukhawuleza lube neradiyasi encinci xa kushushu kancinci. Nangona ukutshiswa okulandelayo kungafuneki kwiimeko ezininzi, kufuneka kwenziwe xa kuyilwa phantsi kweemeko ezinzima zoxinzelelo lokukrwempuka ngenxa yokugqwala.

Iinzuzo ze-904L Duplex Stainless Steel

I-904L Duplex stainless steel yinto ebalaseleyo eyaziwa ngeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo. Iyagqama kwihlabathi leedigri zentsimbi engatyiwayo ngenxa yomdibaniso wayo owodwa wamandla nokumelana nokugqwala. Oku kuyenza ibe lukhetho olukhethwayo kwiimeko zemizi-mveliso ezifuna kakhulu.

Iinjineli kunye nabayili bahlala bekhetha intsimbi i-904L ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo ukumelana neemeko ezinzima. Inani layo eliphezulu lenickel nemolybdenum linika ukumelana okugqwesileyo nokugqwetheka kunye nokugqwetheka okwenzeka kwiimeko ezifihlakeleyo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iza kuhlala ixesha elide kwaye ithembekile kusetyenziso olwahlukeneyo.

Iinzuzo Ngaphezu Kwezinye Iindidi Zentsimbi Engatyiwayo

I-904L Duplex stainless steel igqwesa iindidi ezininzi zentsimbi engatyiwayo. Ukomelela kwayo okugqwesileyo ekugqwaleni yinzuzo ebalulekileyo. Oku kuyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinzima.

Le nto idibanisa okona kulungileyo kwentsimbi engatyiwayo yohlobo lwe-austenitic neye-ferritic. Inika ezi zibonelelo zilandelayo:

Ukuqina nokomelela okwandisiweyo
Ukunyuswa kokuxhathisa kwinkxwaleko yomhlwa ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwe-chloride
Ukusebenza okungcono kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu

Ukongeza, i-904L isoloko ikhethwa ngenxa yokonga kwayo iindleko. Nangona ineempawu eziphucukileyo, inika ixabiso elihle kakhulu. Ifuna ulondolozo oluncinci, nto leyo enciphisa iindleko zexesha elide. Oku kuyenza ibe lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiinjineli ezifuna ukusebenza okuphezulu ngaphandle kokuncama ukonga ngokwezimali. Iimpawu zayo ezizodwa ziyenza ibe yinkokeli kusetyenziso lwezoshishino.

Isiphelo

I-904L Duplex stainless steel igqamile ngokumelana kwayo okumangalisayo nokugqwala kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo. Idibanisa amandla nokuqina, nto leyo eyenza ilungele iimeko ezinzima.

Ukwakhiwa kwayo kulungiselela iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokusebenza kakuhle. Amashishini axhamla kubukho obude bayo, nokuba kukumacandelo eekhemikhali okanye awolwandle. Njengoko iinjineli zithathela ingqalelo iinketho zazo, i-904L Duplex stainless steel inika ulungelelwaniso lwamandla, ukongamali, nokumelana nomhlwa, igcina indawo yayo njengento ekhethwayo.

Iklasi yentsimbi engatyiwayo

904L i-Duplex yentsimbi engatyiwayo 1.4539 (UNS N08904)