Ukuqonda ixesha lokuphila lwemibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo

Iipayipi zentsimbi engatyiwayo ziyaxatyiswa kuba zidibanisa amandla, ukumelana nomhlwa, ucoceko, kunye nobomi obude benkonzo kwizinto enye. Ubomi bazo bokwenene buxhomekeke kumgangatho wentsimbi engatyiwayo, udidi olukhethiweyo, indalo engqongileyo ipayipi, ulwelo okanye igesi ehamba kuyo, kunye nokuba ifakwe yamkeleka kangakanani na inkqubo. Esi sikhokelo sichaza ukuba yintoni echaphazela ubomi obulindelekileyo bemibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo nokuba ungazenza njani izigqibo ezingcono xa ukhetha, usebenzisa, okanye uhlole imibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo.

Yintoni emiselayo ubomi belungu lentsimbi engatyiwayo?

Ubomi bepayipi yentsimbi engatyiwayo bunqunywa kukuhambelana phakathi kwempahla yepayipi kunye neemeko zokusebenza kwayo. Ipayipi yentsimbi engatyiwayo ekumgangatho ophezulu ingahlala amashumi eminyaka kwindawo efanelekileyo, kodwa le payipi inye ingaba nobomi obufutshane bokusebenza ukuba ibethwa zikhemikhali eziyingozi, iindlela zokufaka ezingafanelekanga, amanzi angahambiyo, iikhlorayidi eziphezulu, okanye umonakalo wobunjineli.

Ukuqina kwentsimbi engatyiwayo kuvela kumaleko omxinwa, ozilungisayo, ongashukumiyo owakheka kumphezulu wentsimbi. Lo maleko ukhuselayo unceda ukuthintela umhlwa nokugqwala xa kukho ioksijini kwaye le ntsimbi iyahambelana nokusingqongileyo. Ukuba elo lophu lonakaliswa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba liyakwazi ukuzilungisa, kungaqala ukugqwala, nto leyo enciphisa ubomi bompompo kwaye yonyusa umngcipheko wokuvuza, ungcoliseko, okanye ukusilela kwenkqubo.

Izinto ezininzi zisebenza kunye:

• Iklasi yezinto: Iigradi ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi engatyiwayo zinezinga elahlukileyo lokuxhathisa ukugqwala.
• Ikhemistri yamanzi: Iiasidi, iitshizi, iikhlorayidi, kunye nezicoci zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza.
• Iqondo lobushushu: Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokunyusa umngcipheko wemhlwa kwezinye iindlela zokusetyenziswa.
• Uxinzelelo nokuhamba: Iimeko zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo zinokukhawulezisa ukuguga okanye uxinzelelo.
• Umgangatho wofakelo: Ukwelda okubi, ungcoliseko, okanye iinkxaso ezingachanekanga zinokunciphisa ixesha lokusebenza.
• Iindlela zolondolozo: Uhlolo oluqhelekileyo lunceda ekufumaneni iimpawu zokuqala ezilumkisayo phambi kokuba iingxaki zibe mbi kakhulu.

Ngamanye amazwi, intsimbi engatyiwayo ayiyonto “enye ilingana wonke umntu.” Ubomi bayo obude buvela ekukhetheni uhlobo olufanelekileyo nasekukhuseleni iimeko eziyivumela ukuba isebenze kakuhle.

Ukuqina kwentsimbi engatyiwayo kuqala ngomaleko ongashukumiyo.

Isitshixo sokomelela kwentsimbi engatyiwayo yi-chromium. Intsimbi engatyiwayo ine-chromium, ethatha inxaxheba kwi-oksijini ukuze yenze umaleko wioksayidi omncinci kakhulu kumphezulu wayo. Lo maleko ukhuselayo awubonakali ngeliso, kodwa yiyo le nto inika intsimbi engatyiwayo amandla ayo okuxhathisa ukurusa xa ithelekiswa nentsimbi yekhabhoni eqhelekileyo.

Xa umphezulu ukrazulwe kwimeko efanelekileyo, ilayitha yokhuselo iyakwazi ukuzakhela ngokwayo. Yiyo le nto intsimbi engatyiwayo isenokubukeka intle kwaye isebenze kakuhle nasemva kweminyaka emininzi isetyenziswa. Nangona kunjalo, le layitha ayinakonakali ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba umbhobho uchayeke kwiimeko ezoyisa lo myalelo wokhuselo, ukurusa okukwindawo enye kuyakwazi ukwenzeka.

Izisongelo eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Ukuchanabeka kwi-chloride: Amanzi anetyuwa, umoya waselunxwemeni, ezinye iilwelo zokuqhuba inkqubo, kunye nezinye izicoci zinokonakalisa intsimbi engatyiwayo.
• Iindawo ezinqongophele nge-oksijini Izikhewu, iidipozithi, kunye neendawo ezimileyo zokufuma zinokuthintela ulwaleko olungasebenziyo ukuba luhlaziyeke ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ungcoliseko lomphezulu: Amachaphaza okhukhunisi avela kwiipartikheli zentsimbi ezisuka kwizixhobo, ekugrumbleni, okanye ekudibeni nentsimbi yekhabhoni anokubangela amabala.
• Ukucoca okungachanekanga Iikhemikhali eziyingozi okanye iintsalela zinokonakalisa umphezulu okanye zishiye iidipozithi ezibhubhisayo.
• Ugqibo olubi lwe-weld: I-tint eshushu, iwelde ezirhabaxa, okanye imidibaniso engacocwanga inokudala iindawo ezisesichengeni.

Yiyo le nto umgangatho wentsimbi engatyiwayo ungasiphelelanga kwinsimbi ngokwayo. Indlela ekwenziwa ngayo, ekuphathwa ngayo, neyokugqitywa kwayo zonke zibalulekile. Umbhobho ogcinwe, osikwe, othungelwe, kwaye ucoceke ngokufanelekileyo kunokwenzeka ukuba uya kuhlala unokumelana nokugqwala ekuhambeni kwexesha.

Indima yodidi lwentsimbi engatyiwayo kubomi bepayipi

Iigradi ezahlukeneyo zenzelwe iimeko ezahlukeneyo. Ukukhetha igradi efanelekileyo sesinye sezona zigqibo zibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ubomi bepayipi. Igradi esebenza kakuhle kumanzi acocekileyo angaphakathi isenokungakulungeli amanzi olwandle, ukuqhutywa kweekhemikhali, okanye iindawo zokuhlamba ezine-chloride ephezulu.

Iintsimbi ezingatyiwayo ze-Austenitic

Iigradi ze-Austenitic zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuba zinika ukumelana nokugqwala okufanelekileyo, ukukwazi ukubunjwa, kunye nokukwazi ukudityaniswa. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo iquka i-304 ne-316 yentsimbi engatyiwayo. Iklasi engu-304 isoloko ifanelekile kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ngelixa i-316 inemolybdenum, eyona nto iphucula ukumelana nokugqwala okwenzeka kwimingxuma nakwimifantu kwiimeko ezine-chloride.

Oku akuthethi ukuba i-316 isoloko ifuneka, okanye ukuba ayinakonakala. Kuthetha ukuba inokunika amandla okhuseleko angcono apho kukho inkathazo yokuchanabeka kwi-chloride. Ukukhetha phakathi kweendidi kufuneka kusekelwe kusetyenziso, imeko-bume, iindlela zokucoca, kunye neemfuno zenkonzo ezilindelekileyo.

Iintsimbi ezingatyiwayo eziphindwe kabini

Iintsimbi ezingatyiwayo eziphindwe kabini Zidibanisa amandla aphezulu nokumelana okucetyisweyo neendlobo ezithile zokugqwala. Zinokusetyenziswa apho kufuneka ukusebenza okuphezulu ngokomatshini okanye ukumelana okomeleleyo nokuqhekeka okubangelwa yintlitho yokugqwala ye-chloride. Ngenxa yokuba zifuna ukuveliswa ngononophelo nolawulo olungqongqo lokutshixela, zikholisa ukukhethwa kusetyenziso lwezoshishino olufuna kakhulu kunokuba zibe yimibhobho nje eqhelekileyo.

Izigaba ezikhethekileyo

Iimeko ezinomngcipheko omkhulu zisenokufuna iintlobo zentsimbi engatyiwayo ezikhethekileyo okanye ezinye iintlobo zentsimbi edityanisiweyo. Oku kukhetha kudla ngokuxhomekeka kuxinaniso lweekhemikhali, ubushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye neemfuno zomthetho. Xa imeko yokusebenza inzima, ukukhethwa kwento yokwakha kufuneka kusekelwe kwisikhokelo sobunjineli kunokuba kusekelwe kuqikelelo.

Kutheni imibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo isilela kwangaphambi kokuba kulindelwe?

Imibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo idla ngokuphelelwa lixesha ngaphambi kwexesha ngenxa yokuba imathiriyeli, imeko-bume, ufakelo, okanye isicwangciso sokugcinwa zazingahambelananga kakuhle. Ukuphelelwa lixesha ngaphambi kwexesha kudla ngokungabi luphawu lokuba intsimbi engatyiwayo ibuthathaka; kudla ngokuba luphawu lokuba inkqubo ibeke umbhobho kwiimeko ebezingenzelwanga ukuba uzimelane nazo.

Esinye isizathu esixhaphakileyo kukugqwala okunxulumene neekhlorayidi. Iikhlorayidi zinokubangela imingxuma emincinci engena kudonga lwepayipi naxa yonke enye indawo iphakathi ibonakala icocekile. Ukuvundla kuyingozi kuba kunokwenzeka kwindawo encinci kuphela, kunzima ukukubona, kwaye kuyakhawuleza kunokugqwala okulinganayo kwangaphandle.

Ukugqwala kwimikrozo yenye ingxaki. Kunokuvela phantsi kweegaskets, iidipozithi, iiklams, i-insulation, okanye kwiindawo apho ulwelo lubanjwa khona. Ezi ndawo zixineneyo zinokuba namanqanaba awohlukileyo e-oksijini kunomphezulu ovulekileyo, nto leyo eyenza umaleko okhuselayo wuthuthu ize ivumele ukugqwala ukuba kuqale.

Ukufakwa kunokunciphisa ubomi obulindelekileyo bemibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo. Imizekelo iquka ukusebenzisa izixhobo zentsimbi yekhabhoni ezingcolisa umphezulu, ukungayicoci kakuhle iindawo ezidityanisiweyo, ukuqinisa kakhulu izixhaso, ukudala iindawo apho amanzi emi khona, okanye ukuvumela iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo ukuba zichukunyisane ngaphandle kokwahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona umbhobho okumgangatho ophezulu unokonakala ukuba iindlela ezisisiseko zokufakwa azihoywanga.

Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusilela kwangoko, gxila kwezi zilawuli zisebenzisekayo:

1. Khetha isigaba esifanelekileyo sokulayisha kunye nemeko-bume. Qwalasela iikhlorayidi, iqondo lobushushu, i-pH, uxinzelelo, kunye neekhemikhali zokucoca.
2. Khusela umphezulu wompayipi xa uphathwa. Phepha ungcoliseko lwentsimbi yekhabhoni kunye nokukrwela okungeyomfuneko.
3. Sebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokufaka nokugqibezela. Coca, yenza i-passivate, okanye unyange iindawo ezidityanisiweyo xa kufuneka ngumsebenzi.
4. Uyilo lokuhambisa amanzi. Phepha iindawo ezimileyo, ulwelo olubanjisiweyo, kunye neziqwengana apho iidipozithi zinokuhlanganisana khona.
5. Hlola rhoqo. Jonga amabala, ukuvuza, iintsalela, umonakalo we-insulation, kunye neempawu zokugqwala kwindawo ethile.

Iimeko zokusingqongileyo ezichaphazela ubomi obulindelekileyo bemibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo

Imeko-bume ejikeleze umbhobho inokuba yeyona ibalulekileyo njengento ekuhamba ngaphakathi kuwo. Iimeko-bume zangaphakathi, ezomileyo, nezicocekileyo ngokubanzi zivumela iimpazamo ngakumbi. Iimeko-bume zangaphandle, zaselwandle, zezoshishino, ezifumileyo, okanye ezichanabekileyo kwiikhemikhali zifuna ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo ngononophelo olukhulu kunye nokugcinwa.

Ukuchanabeka emanzini nasemswakweni

Umgangatho wamanzi ubalulekile. Amanzi acocekileyo, ahambayo adla ngokungabi namandla kangako kunamanzi amdaka anenani eliphezulu lechloride okanye anokuhamba kancinci kweoksijini. Kwiipayipi, kumanzi enkqubo, okanye kwiinkqubo zokupholisa, iidipozithi kunye ne-biofilm zinokudala iimeko ezithile ezikhuthaza ukurusa. Ukuflushisha rhoqo, uyilo olufanelekileyo, nokuphepha iindawo apho amanzi angahambi khona kunokunceda ukukhusela ubomi beepayipi.

Iimeko zaselunxwemeni nezolwandle

Umoya waselunxwemeni unetyuwa, kwaye ityuwa yonyusa umngcipheko wokugqwala. Intsimbi engatyiwayo esetyenziswa kufuphi nolwandle isenokufuna udidi olumelana kakhulu, ukugqitywa kobuso okungcono, nokucocwa rhoqo. Kwiindawo ezifumana amaza okanye apho intsimbi ijongene ngqo namanzi olwandle, iintsimbi ezingatyiwayo eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi zisenokungakhuseli ngokwaneleyo.

Ukuchanabeka kwiikhemikhali nakwishishini

Iifektri zeekhemikhali, iindawo zokulungisa ukutya, iilabhoratri, kunye neendawo zokuvelisa zihlala zisebenzisa izicoci, izibulali-ntsholongwane, iiasidi, okanye izinyibilikisi. Ezi zinto zinokusebenzisana nentsimbi engatyiwayo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Umlinganiselo, ubushushu, ixesha lokubonakaliswa, kunye neendlela zokuhlikihla zonke zinegalelo kubomi obulindelekileyo bemibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo.

Ukufakwa komhlaba naphantsi komhlaba

Imibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo efakwe ngaphantsi komhlaba isenokujongana nekhemikhali yomhlaba, ukufuma, umsinga wombane ongacwangciswanga, kunye noxinzelelo lomatshini. Ukusongelwa kokukhusela, ulungiselelo olufanelekileyo, ukukhupha amanzi, kunye nokwahlulwa kwizinto ezingahambelaniyo konke kunokuba kubalulekile. Iimeko eziphantsi komhlaba zahlukahluka kakhulu, ngoko ke iingqikelelo ezisekelwe kwindlela esebenza ngayo ngaphezulu komhlaba zinokukhohlisa.

Umgangatho wofakelo yeyona nto iphambili ekumiseleni ubomi bayo.

Nokuba luhlobo olululo lwentsimbi engatyiwayo lunokungasebenzi kakuhle ukuba ufakelo lwenziwe ngokungakhathali. Imibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo kufuneka iphathwe njengenkqubo engatyiwayo, hayi nje njengemibhobho yentsimbi. Sonke isikro, ukutsalwa, ifittingi, inkxaso, kunye nalo lonke uqhagamshelwano kunokuphembelela ukusebenza kwayo kwixesha elide.

Ukufakwa okufanelekileyo kuxhasa ubomi obude benkonzo ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo, ungcoliseko, kunye neendawo ezibamba umhlwa. Iinkxaso ezifanelekileyo zithintela ukutyibilika nokungcangcazela. Ukulungiselela ngokufanelekileyo amadlonyo kunciphisa izikhewu. Iindlela zokushinda ezicocekileyo zikhusela isigqubuthelo esikhuselayo. Izixhobo zokudibanisa neegaskets ezihambelanayo zinciphisa amathuba eengxaki zegalvanic okanye zeekhemikhali.

Uluhlu lokujonga olusebenzisekayo lokufakela lubandakanya:

• Gcina intsimbi engatyiwayo yahlukile kwintlabathi yokugaya, amasalela, kunye nezitendi zokugcina zentsimbi yekhabhoni.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo nezinto zokukrwela ezilungiselelwe intsimbi engatyiwayo xa kunokwenzeka.
• Susa ukungcola kwendawo eweledweyo okanye umbala obangelwe bubushushu apho kufuneka khona ukuze isebenze kakuhle ekuthinteleni umhlwa.
• Phepha imingxuma engafunekiyo kwiidibaniso, kwiikhlampu, nakwizixhaso.
• Yenza umgudo owaneleyo okanye umjelo wamanzi apho amanzi angahambi angonakalisa khona.
• Qinisekisa ukuba i-insulation ayibambi mswakama kwipayipi.
• Sebenzisa izibopheleli, izixhobo zokuxhoma, iivalvu, kunye nezincedisi ezihambelanayo.
• Yenza uvavanyo loxinzelelo uze uhlole phambi kokuba inkqubo iqale ukusebenza.

Ezi nkcukacha zisenokubonakala zincinci ngexesha lofakelo, kodwa zinokongeza iminyaka kubomi bepayipi obusebenzayo.

Iindlela zolondolozo ezikhusela ukungatyiwa.

Intsimbi engatyiwayo isoloko ichazwa njengengadingi kulungiswa kakhulu, kodwa ukungadingi kulungiswa kakhulu akuthethi ukuba akukho kulungiswa kufunekayo. Injongo kukugcina imeko yomphezulu, ukususa iidipozithi eziyingozi, nokufumana iingxaki ezincinci phambi kokuba zibe yimpazamo ezibiza imali eninzi.

Uhlolo oluqhelekileyo kufuneka lugxile kutshintsho olubonakalayo. Amabala engxuma anokubangelwa kukungcola kwangaphezulu kunokuba kube kukugqwala okunzulu, kodwa kufuneka kuphantsiweyo. Izinto ezimhlophe ezibambekileyo, izikhewu ezimnyama, ukuvuza, i-insulation emanzi, kunye nokutshintsha kombala kwindawo ekudityaniswe kuyo okanye kwizibophelelo, konke oku kunokuba luphawu lwengxaki.

Ukucoca kufuneka kulungele inqanaba lendawo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Iindlela zokucoca ezithambileyo zihlala zanele ukususa ukungcola okujwayelekileyo kunye neentsalela. Izicoci ezine-chloride, izixhobo ezirhabaxa, okanye iikhemikhali ezishiywe kumphezulu zinokudala umngcipheko. Emva kokucoca, ukuxukuxa nokomisa ngokucokisekileyo kunokuba kubalulekile, ingakumbi kwiindawo apho iintsalela zinokuhlanganisana khona.

Kwiinkqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu, ulondolozo lunokuquka nokuhlolwa okucwangcisiweyo, ukulinganiswa kobukhulu bodonga, ukubeka iliso kuruswa, ukuqwalaselwa kwezakhi zokufuma, kunye nokubhalwa phantsi kokulungiswa. Okukhona isicelo sifuna umgudu, kokukhona isicwangciso solondolozo kufuneka sibe sesisesikweni ngakumbi.

Ungawandisa njani ubomi bemibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo?

Ungalwandisa ixesha lokusebenza lwemibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo ngokukhetha udidi olufanelekileyo, ukuyila inkqubo ukuphepha iindawo ezibamba umhlwa, ukukhusela umphezulu ngexesha lokwenziwa kwayo, kunye nokugcina iimeko ezixhasa isigqubuthelo esingenzi nto. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukuthintela: kulula ukuphepha umhlwa kunokulungisa umonakalo emva kokuba sele uqalile.

Sebenzisa olu luhlu lokujonga phambi kokuchaza okanye ukutshintsha ipayipi yentsimbi engatyiwayo:

• Chaza imeko yenkonzo. Chonga ulwelo, iqondo lobushushu, uxinzelelo, i-pH, iikhlorayidi, iikhemikhali zokucoca, kunye nokuchanabeka kwangaphandle.
• Khetha ibakala ngokusekelwe kumngcipheko. Musa ukukhetha ngenxa yomkhwa nje okanye ixabiso lokuqala; yahlanisa ukumelana nomhlwa neemeko zangempela.
• Phonononga inkqubo iphelele. Izifakelo, iivalvu, iindawo ezitywiniweyo, iigaskets, izixhaso, kunye ne-insulation kufuneka zihambelane nepayipi.
• Yila ukuphelisa iindawo ezimileyo. Ukuhamba, ukukhupha amanzi, kunye nokufikeleleka ukuze kucocwe kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu.
• Chaza ukugqitywa komphezulu nonyango lokudibanisa. Iindawo ezigudileyo nezicocekileyo ngokubanzi ziyakwazi ukumelana nokunamathela kwezinto ngcono.
• Cwangcisa ukufikelela kuhlolo. Iipayipi ezingenakuhlolwa kunzima ukuzikhusela ixesha elide.
• Iimfuno zolondolozo lwamaxwebhu. Iindlela zokucoca, amaxesha okuhlola, kunye neekhemikhali ezamkelekileyo kufuneka zicace.

Le ndlela inceda ukuguqula umgangatho wentsimbi engatyiwayo ube sisiphumo esiphathekayo. Umbhobho yinxalenye enye kuphela yale nkqubo, kodwa yinxalenye exhomekeke kakhulu kwizigqibo ezichanekileyo ezenziwe phambi kokuba umsebenzi uqale.

Iimpawu zokuba imibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo idinga ingqwalasela

Imibhobho yentsimbi engatyiwayo kufuneka ihlolwe xa kukho utshintsho olubonakalayo, iingxaki zokusebenza, okanye utshintsho kwimeko-bume engqongileyo. Ezinye iimpawu zincinci kwaye ziyalungiseka; ezinye zinokubonisa ingozi enzulu kubomi bombhobho.

Jonga:

• Umbala ongcangcazayo ofana nerusi, ingakumbi kwindawo ezidityanisiweyo, ezibambeneyo, okanye ezidityaniswayo
• Amagxibi amancinci, imingxunyana, okanye iindawo ezirhabaxa kumphezulu
• Ukuvuza, ukubila, okanye i-insulation emanzi
• Utshintsho lombala olungaqhelekanga emva kokucoca okanye ukuchanabeka kwiikhemikhali
• Iidipozithi ezihlala zenzeka kwiindawo ezifanayo
• Umonakalo wengcangcazelo, wentshukumo, okanye wokuxhaswa
• Ubungqina bongqamaniso lweentsimbi ezingahambelaniyo
• Utshintsho kwikhemistri yamanzi, iikhemikhali zenkqubo, okanye iimveliso zokucoca

Indlela yokwenza kuxhomekeke kubunzima. Ungcoliseko olungephi oluphezu kunokucocwa kwaye luthintelwe ukuba lungonakalisi ukuba kufanelekile. Ukuqwenga, ukuvuza, okanye ukugqwala okuphindaphindiweyo kufanele kubangele uphononongo olunzulu lokukhethwa kwe-grade, iimeko zokusebenza, kunye neenkcukacha zofakelo. Ukutshintsha icandelo elonakeleyo ngaphandle kokulungisa unobangela kunokulibazisa nje ukusilela okulandelayo.

Ukulindelwa kobomi bepayipi yentsimbi engatyiwayo sisiphumo senkqubo.

Umalo wobomi ka ipayipi yentsimbi engatyiwayo Ayilawulwa yinto enye kuphela. Isisiphumo somgangatho wemathiriyeli, umgangatho wentsimbi engatyiwayo, uyilo lwenkqubo, indlela yokwenziwa, imeko yokusebenza, kunye nokugcinwa. Xa ezo zinto zihambelana, intsimbi engatyiwayo inokubonelela ngobomi bepayipi obude, obuthembekileyo, kunye nokumelana okomeleleyo nomhlwa kunye nokugcinwa okuthe phantsi.

Esona sifundo sibalulekileyo kukucinga ngaphaya kodonga lwepayipi. Inkqubo yepayipi yentsimbi engatyiwayo eyomeleleyo iqala kulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo, iqhutyelwe phambili ngofakelo olucophelela kunye nokuhlolwa okunengqiqo. Ukuba imeko-bume inobungozi okanye inkqubo ibaluleke kakhulu, khetha izinto zokwakha neendlela zolondolozo ngononophelo olongezelelweyo kunokuba uthembele kudumo lwentsimbi engatyiwayo kuphela.