ASTM A213 TP347H ipayipi yentsimbi engatyiwayo engenamthungo

Ipayipi ye-ASTM A213 TP347H yentsimbi engatyiwayo engenamthungo: Ukukhetha okubalulekileyo kwiimeko zokushisa okuphezulu noxinzelelo oluphezulu

Ngaphakathi kwi-boiler yesikhululo sombane esisebenzisa ubushushu, umphunga obushushu kakhulu uyagquma kwiipayipi; Kwindawo engundoqo yezixhobo zokucoca i-petroleum, izinto ezigqobhozayo kunye namaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo ziyasebenzisana. Emva kwale misebenzi ebonakala ingenakwenzeka, ASTM A213 TP347H Iipayipi zentsimbi engatyiwayo ezingenamthungo zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, zixhasa ngokuzolileyo umthambo-luvo wamandla kunye nemveliso esebenzayo yeshishini lanamhlanje. Njengento eyenzelwe ngokukodwa iimeko zokushisa okuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye neendawo ezonakalisayo phantsi kwe Umgangatho we-ASTM A213, Ipayipi ye-TP347H engenamthungo Ifumana impumelelo enkulu kwinkqubela yomsebenzi ngesayensi yayo yezinto eyodwa.

Uhlalutyo olunzulu: Ingcaciso esisiseko se ASTM A213 TP347H

ASTM A213Lo mgangatho, ophuhliswe yi-American Society for Testing and Materials, yinkcazo enegunya yeepayipi zentsimbi ye-alloy ye-ferritic ne-austenitic ezingenamthungo zeebhoyila, ii-superheater, kunye nezitshintshi-bushushu. Ichaza ngokweenkcukacha udidyano lweekhemikhali, iimpawu zomatshini, inkqubo yokuvelisa, iindlela zovavanyo, kunye neemfuno zokuhlola izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kweemveliso kwiimeko zokusebenza ezinzima.
TP347H: Olu luhlobo olukhethekileyo lokuhlela izinto ngokwemigangatho. Umongo walo yintsimbi engatyiwayo ye-austenitic efakwe isongezelelo esizinzisayo i-niobium (Nb) (elingana ne-0Cr18Ni11Nb yaseTshayina kunye ne-X6CrNiNb18-10 yaseYurophu). Isimamva esithi “H” simele uhlobo lwayo olunomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni (0.04-0.10%), nto leyo engundoqo wamandla ayo agqwesileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (ingakumbi amandla okunyinyoba kancinci kancinci).

>>>>Ipayipi engenamthungo: Ngokungafaniyo nepayipi ewelwekileyo, ipayipi engenamthungo yenziwa ngeenkqubo zokubumba ezipheleleyo ezifana nokuqhekeza, ukukhupha, okanye ukugoqa okushushu/ukutsala okubandayo. Ayinawo amachaphaza abuthathaka kwimithungo, inomelele ngakumbi ngokwekwakhiwo kwaye inamandla okunyamezela uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye ilungele ngokukodwa ukusetyenziswa kuxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Kutheni isixhobo i-TP347H sikwazi ukumelana nemiceli mngeni yobushushu obuphezulu noxinzelelo oluphezulu?

Ubugqibelelo bayo busekwimbonakalo yayo yomxube wentsimbi ekhethekileyo kunye neempawu zayo zokunyibilikisa iintsimbi:
Ukumelana okugqwesileyo nokuguga nokubola: Njengentsimbi engatyiwayo yohlobo lwe-austenitic, TP347H Ngokwendalo inokumelana okugqwesileyo nokuguga nokugqwetheka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali, kuquka izisombululo ezininzi zeasidi neetyuwa. Ukwakheka kwelaphu elikhusayo elixineneyo le-chromium oxide (Cr₂O∝) kumphezulu yeyona nto isisiseko sokumelana kwayo nokugqwetheka.
Amandla angundoqo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu – isiphumo sokuzinzisa se-niobium: Le yeyona nzuzo iphambili eyahlula i-TP347H kuthotho oluqhelekileyo lwe-304/316 kwanakwi-TP347. Ukongezwa kwe-niobium idibanisa ikakhulu nekhabhoni ukwenza i-niobium carbide (NbC) ezinzileyo. Oku kuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuquma kwe-chromium carbide (Cr₂∝C₆) eyingozi kwimida yeenkozo, ngaloo ndlela:
Yonyusa kakhulu ukumelana nomhlwa phakathi kweenkozo: thintela umngcipheko wokuqhekeka ngenxa yomhlwa obangelwa kukunqongophala kwekhromium kwimida yeenkozo.
Amandla okunyamezela ubushushu obuphezulu kunye namandla okunyamezela ukutsala (creep strength) aphuculwe kakhulu: I-TP347H isakwazi ukugcina ukumelana okugqwesileyo nokuguquka nokuqhekeka kumaqondo obushushu okusebenza ixesha elide asusela kwi-650 ° C ukuya kwi-750 ° C okanye nangaphezulu. Umxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni (uhlobo lwe-H) wonyusa ngakumbi le ngenelo kwaye unika isiphumo esongezelelweyo sokomeleza ngesisombululo esiqinileyo.
Uzinzo oluhle lokwakheka kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu: Ngokulungelelanisa umthamo wenyobiyam kunye nenkqubo yokunyibilikisa, ireyithi yokuvela kwezixhobo eziyingozi (ezifana nesigaba seSigma) kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu inokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo eyandisa ubomi bayo benkonzo.
Imeko yokusetyenziswa: ilitye elingumxholo woshishino elingenakushiywa ngaphandle
Ziziimpawu ezingundoqo ezenza ASTM A213 TP347H Ipayipi engenamthungo yeyona nto ikhethwayo kwezi nkalo zilandelayo:
Inkqubo yebhoyila yesikhululo samandla: Eli lelona candelo layo likhulu lokusetyenziswa. Njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yemibhobho ye-superheater ne-reheater, kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana nokonakaliswa ngumphunga obushushu obuphezulu noxinzelelo oluphezulu ukusuka kwi-570 ° C-650 ° C (subcritical) ukuya kwi-600 ° C-620 ° C (ultra/ultra supercritical) ukuze ikwazi ukumelana ne-oxidation, i-creep, kunye neengxaki zokuphela kolusu lwe-oxide kwicala lomphunga. I-TP347H ikwanayo nokumelana okungcono kakhulu kwi-oxidation yomphunga, nto leyo enokunciphisa umonakalo wezinto ezingumdibi kwiiturbines ezikwicala elilandelayo.
Amashishini e-petrochemical neekhemikhali zamalahle: isetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezingundoqo ezifana nezithando zokuvutha ze-cracking, izithando zokuvutha zoguqulo, iiyunithi zokulungisa, iireaktors ze-hydrogenation, njl., kwimibhobho yesithando esishushu, imibhobho yokutshintshisana ngobushushu, imibhobho yokuqokelela, njl., ukumelana nokugqwetheka yegesi eshushu ephumayo, ukugqwetheka kwezinto ezisebenzayo ngaphakathi, kunye noxinzelelo olungaphantsi kobushushu obuphezulu.
Inkqubo yokuBuyisela uBushushu (HRSG): Kwizikhululo zombane ze-gas turbine ezikwisixokelelwano esidityanisiweyo, ubushushu obulahlekileyo bemisi eshushu enomoya obushushu obuphezulu buyabuyiselwa ukuze kuveliswe umphunga.
Amanye amashishini obushushu obuphezulu, anjengezixhobo zekhweyini yobushushu obuphezulu, imibhobho yegesi yobushushu obuphezulu, njl.
Umkhondo Wokuvelisa Nokuqinisekisa Umgangatho ASTM A213 TP347H Umbhobho Ongathungwanga
Ukuthobela ngokungqongqo iimfuno ezisemgangathweni sisigcina-bomi soqinisekiso lwempumelelo:
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha nokunyibilikiswa: Kusetyenziswa izinto zokwakha ezikrwada ezicocekileyo kakhulu, kwaye kusetyenziswa iinkqubo zokunyibilikisa eziphucukileyo (ezifana ne-electric arc furnace+argon oxygen decarbonization AOD okanye i-vacuum induction melting VIM) ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo umxube weekhemikhali, ingakumbi ukuqinisekisa ukuba umthamo we-niobium nekhabhoni ukwizinga elilungiselelweyo.
Inkqubo yokubumba engaphazamisekiyo: idla ngokuthatha indlela yokubumba ngokukhupha okushushu okanye yokwenza imingxuma nokusonga okushushu+ukutsalwa okubandayo/ukusongwa okubandayo. Ukuqhuba umsebenzi kubanda (ukutsalwa okubandayo/ukusongwa okubandayo) akukwazi nje ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo imingcele yobungakanani nokufumana ubugudwana obungcono bomphezulu, kodwa kwakhona kuvelisa iziphumo zokomeleza ngenxa yenkqubo.
Unyango lobushushu lwesisombululo: Eli lelona nyathelo libaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. I-TP347H Itheyibhile kufuneka ihanjwe lunyango lwesisombululo lobushushu obuphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo ≥ 1040 ° C) kunye nokupholisa okukhawulezileyo (ukucima ngamanzi). Le nkqubo inokuthi:
Nyibilikisa iikhabhayidi ezenzeke ngeenkqubo zokuqengqa nokusebenza kubushushu obuphantsi.
Nyibilikisa ngokulinganayo izinto ezixubayo (ingakumbi i-niobium) kwi-matrix ye-austenitic.
Buyisela isakhiwo se-austenite, ufumane ukumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo phakathi kwee-granule kunye nokuqina okufanelekileyo kweplastiki.
Ukubeka isiseko sesiphumo esizinzisayo se-niobium kwinkqubo yokusebenza elandelayo.
Uvavanyo olungqongqo: Iimfuno eziqhelekileyo ziquka uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali, uvavanyo lokutsalwa, uvavanyo lobulukhuni, uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic/uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo (ukuqinisekisa ukuvaleka), uvavanyo lokugqwala phakathi kweegranules (ukuba kuyimfuneko), uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo (uvavanyo lwe-ultrasonic okanye lwe-eddy current ukuqinisekisa iimpazamo zangaphakathi nezomphezulu), uvavanyo lobungakanani nophononongo lwangaphandle, njl. Iinkqubo ezifuna amandla aphezulu zinokwandisa ukuvavanywa kokunyamezela ubushushu obuphezulu okanye ukuvavanywa kokuqhwatyeka.
Iingcebiso zokukhetha nokusebenzisa
Iqondo lobushushu libalulekile: Xa iqondo lobushushu lenkonzo yexesha elide lidlula i-550 ° C-600 ° C, iingenelo ze-TP347H ngaphezulu kwe-TP304H, i-TP321H, okanye i-TP316H ziqala ukuvela, ingakumbi kumanqanaba oxinzelelo oluphakathi ukuya oluphezulu. Kwiiparamitha ze-ultra supercritical (>600 ° C), i-TP347H iphantse yaba yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwicandelo elineqondo lobushushu eliphezulu le-superheaters/reheaters.
Gxininisa kwiindawo ezisengozini yokufunxwa: Ukumelana nokugqwala phakathi kwee-granule kwe TP347H Ibaluleke kakhulu kwizixhobo ezinokufumana i-sensitization kwindawo echaphazelwe bubushushu bokuncamathisela (450 ° C-850 ° C) okanye ezisebenza ngaphakathi koluhlu lobushushu be-sensitization ngexesha lokusebenza kwazo.
Utshintshiselwano phakathi kweendleko nokusebenza: I-TP347H iduru ngaphezu kweepayipi eziqhelekileyo zentsimbi engatyiwayo yohlobo lwe-austenitic ngenxa yokubakho kwezinto ezixabisekileyo ze-niobium kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zenkqubo yokuvelisa. Kodwa ixabiso layo elibalulekileyo ekwandiseni ubomi bexesesha kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi elingacwangciswanga lidlula kakhulu utyalo-mali lokuqala, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezibucayi ezineqondo lobushushu eliphezulu noxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Ukukhethwa kwababoneleli: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha abavelisi abathembekileyo abathobela ngokungqongqo imigangatho ye-ASTM A213, abanamazixhobo avuthiweyo okuvelisa kunye neenkqubo zokulawula umgangatho, kwaye benamava amaninzi kushishino. Qinisekisa ukubonelelwa kweSatifikethi seZixhobo esipheleleyo (MTC) kwaye ucele iingxelo zovavanyo lomntu wesithathu ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Xa umphunga oshushu unyuka ngesantya kwimibhobho yebhoyila, xa itawuli yokucoca