Intsimbi engatyiwayo engu-304 1.4301

Ngamafutshane, i-SUS304 yintsimbi engatyiwayo engu-304. I-SUS ngumgangatho wezinto waseJapan, kwaye intsimbi engatyiwayo engu-304 luhlobo lwentsimbi engatyiwayo eveliswe ngokwe Umgangatho waseMelika we-ASTM. I-304 ilingana ne-0Cr19Ni9 (0Cr18Ni9) yentsimbi engatyiwayo e-China, kwaye iJapan nayo iyibiza ngokuba yi-SUS304 njengoko i-United States iyibiza.

Ngenxa yokuba inen nickel eninzi kunye nesakhiwo se-austenitic esinqanaba elinye kumaqondo obushushu angqalileyo, inokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu xa ithelekiswa ne-stainless steel i-Cr13, i-plasticity ephezulu kunye nokuqina kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi, angqalileyo, kunye naphakameyo, kunye nokukwazi ukubunjwa ngokubanda nokudityaniswa kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, amandla ayo kumaqondo obushushu angqalileyo aphantsi, inethuba elikhulu lokugqwala phakathi kweegranules kunye ne-stress corrosion, kwaye ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa kakuhle koomatshini. I-Austenite ayiguquki isakhiwo sayo xa ishushu, ngoko ke ayinakomelezwa ngonyango lobushushu. Unyango lobushushu lungenziwa kuphela ukuphucula ukumelana kwentsimbi nomhlwa.

Intsimbi engatyiwayo engu-304

I-304 Stainless steel luhlobo lwe-austenitic olunokutsalwa nzulu kakhulu. Olu phawu lwenze ukuba i-304 ibe luhlobo oluphambili olusetyenziswa kwizinto ezifana nezitya zokuhlambela kunye nezitya zokupheka isosi.

Intsimbi engatyiwayo 304L

Uhlobo Ngenxa yokuba i-304L iqulathe i-molybdenum, inika i-304L amandla okumelana nokugqwala nokubola Yinguqulelo enekhabhoni ephantsi yentsimbi engatyiwayo engu-304. Isetyenziswa kwiinxalenye ezine-gauge enzima ukuze kube lula ukuyiwelda. Ezinye iimveliso ezifana nepleyiti nepayipi zinokufumaneka njengempahla “eqinisekisiweyo kabini” ehambelana nemigqaliselo yomabini u-304 no-304L.

Intsimbi engatyiwayo 304H

I-304H, uhlobo olunomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni, ikwafumaneka ukuze isetyenziswe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Iinkcukacha zeempahla ezikule xwebhu ziqhelekile kwiimveliso zebha ezigutyungelwe yi-EN 10269:2013. I-ASTM, i-EN okanye eminye imigangatho inokugubungela iimveliso ezithengiswayo. Kuyamkeleka ukulindela ukuba iinkcukacha ezibekiweyo kule migangatho zifane, kodwa kunganyanzelekanga ukuba zifane ncam nezo zikule phepha-nkcukacha.

Isicelo

Intsimbi engatyiwayo engu-304 isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yezixhobo namacandelo anokumelana nokugqwala nokubunjwa ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okugqwesileyo nobushushu. Okwangoku, i-304 stainless steel isetyenziswe kakhulu kwizixhobo zemizi-mveliso efana neyokutya, iikhemikhali, amandla e-athom, kunye nemimandla yokuhombisa, kwakunye nezinto zasekhaya, iikhabhathi, imibhobho yangaphakathi, izifudumezi zamanzi, iiboyila, iibhafu, izixhobo zeemoto, izixhobo zonyango, izixhobo zokwakha, ikhemistri, ishishini lokutya, ezolimo, kunye namacandelo eenqanawa.

Iimveliso ezigqityiweyo ze-304 yentsimbi engatyiwayo 1.4301 Ifomu

• Iphepha
• Ukukhulula impahla
• Ibha
• Ipleyiti
• Umbhobho
• Umbhobho
• Isipirali
• Izixhobo

Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali

Icandelo	Ikhabhoni (C)	Ikromiyam (Cr)	I-manganese (Mn)	I-Silicon (Si)	Ifosforasi (P)	Isalfu (S)	I-Nickel (Ni)	I-Nitrogen (N)	Intsimbi (Fe)
Ipesenti ye-TP3T	0.07	17.50 – 19.50	Max2	Okona kuninzi	Iphakathi kwe-0.045 ne-0.045	0.015b)	8.00 – 10.50	0.1	Ibhalansi

Ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali neempawu zeengqameko zaseYurophu (EN) ze-304 (USA, AISI, ASTM, UNS):
  X5CrNi18-10 (1.4301)

Izinto ezilingana nentsimbi engatyiwayo yodidi lwama-304 (USA: AISI, ASTM, UNS)

I-EU IsiNgesi

I-United States yaseMelika –

Jamani DIN,WNr

IJapan JIS

Efransi Afnor

I-Ngilani Ugqirha

E-Itali Olunye

Tshayina I-GB

Isweden I-SS

IPoland PN

Czechia CSN

Finlani Ukuphathwa kwezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi

Ostriya Uhlobo olumiselweyo

IRashiya GOST

X5CrNi18-10 (1.4301)

304304N

1.4301X5CrNi18-9

Isinyithi esingatyiwayo se-304

X5CrNi18-10Z5CN18-09Z6CN18-09Z7CN18-09

304S15304S31

X5CrNi18-10

Ntsimbi engatyiwayo yohlobo lwe-0Cr18Ni9

23332333-02

Ntlango yentsimbi engu-0H18N9

17240

725

X5CrNi18-10S

08KH18N10

Ukumelana nokugqwala kweNtsimbi engatyiwayo X5CrNi18-10

I-Stainless steel 1.4301 inokumelana nokugqwala okugqwesileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeendawo kunye nokuba idibene nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezigqwalisa. Ukuqhekeka okunzulu kunye nokugqwala okwenzeka kwiintanda kunokwenzeka kwiindawo ezinama-chloride. Ukuqhekeka okubangelwa luxinzelelo nokugqwala kunokwenzeka kumaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwe-60°C.

Ukumelana nobushushu kwe-08KH18N10 Stainless Steel

I-TP304 yintsimbi engatyiwayo enokumelana kakuhle nokugqatswa xa isetyenziswa ngamaxesha aphazamisekayo ukuya kutsho kwi-870°C, nakwisesiwa eqhubekayo ukuya kutsho kwi-925°C. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo kwiqondo lobushushu eliphakathi kwe-425 ne-860°C akukhuthazwa xa kufuneka ukumelana nokugqatswa emanzini. Kule meko, kuyacetyiswa i-304L ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokuqubuka kwe-carbide.

Apho kufuneka amandla aphezulu kumaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwe-500°C ukuya kutsho kwi-800°C, kucetyiswa udidi lwe-304H. Le nto iya kugcina ukumelana nokugqwala ngamanzi.

Ukwenziwa kweNtsimbi engatyiwayo engu-304

Ukwenziwa kwayo yonke into ngentsimbi engatyiwayo kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela ngezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa kuphela izinto ezenziwe ngentsimbi engatyiwayo. Izixhobo kunye neendawo zokusebenzela kufuneka zicocekiswe kakuhle phambi kokuba zisetyenziswe. La manyathelo okhuseleko ayimfuneko ukuphepha ukusulelana kweentsimbi engatyiwayo ngezinto ezinokugqwala lula, ezinokwenza umphandle womveliso owenziweyo utshintshe umbala.

Ukusebenza Okubandayo Kwenziro Engatyiwayo UNS S30400

I-304 Stainless steel iyacaca ngokulula xa isetyenzwa. Iindlela zokuyila ezibandakanya ukusetyenzwa kwayo ikholisa ukufuna inqanaba lokuphakathi lokuyithambisa ukuze kuncitshiswe ukucaca okubangelwa kukusetyenzwa, kuphetshwe ukukrazuka okanye ukuqhekeka. Ekugqibeleni ukwenziwa kwayo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe inkqubo epheleleyo yokuyithambisa ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwaye kuphuculwe ukumelana nokugqwala.

Ukusebenza okushushu 

Iindlela zokwenziwa, ezifana nokubethelwa, ezibandakanya ukusebenza kushushu, kufuneka zenzeke emva kokufudunyezwa ngokulinganayo ukuya kuma-1149-1260°C. Iinxalenye ezenziweyo kufuneka ke zipholiswe ngokukhawuleza ukuqinisekisa ukumelana okuphezulu nokugqwala.

Unyango lobushushu 

I-Stainless steel 304 ayinakwenziwa yomelele ngonyango lobushushu.

Unyango lwesisombululo okanye i-annealing lunokwenziwa ngokupholisa ngokukhawuleza emva kokufudumeza ukuya kwi-1010-1120°C.

Ukulungela ukwenziwa ngomatshini

I-304 kulula ukuyisebenza ngomatshini. Ukusebenza ngomatshini kunokuphuculwa ngokusebenzisa la migaqo ilandelayo:

• Imiphetho esika kufuneka igcinwe ibukhali. Imiphetho engabukhali ibangela ukuqina okugqithisileyo komsebenzi.
• Izisikelo kufuneka zibe lula kodwa zibe nzulu ngokwaneleyo ukuthintela ukuqina kwentsimbi ngenxa yomsebenzi ngokuhamba phezu kwayo.
• Kufuneka kusetyenziswe iziqhekezi zeetshiphu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iintsalela zentsimbi zihlala zikude nendawo yokusebenzela.
• Ukuhamba okucothayo kobushushu kwe-alloys ze-austenitic kubangela ukuba ubushushu buqokelelane kwimiphetho esika. Oku kuthetha ukuba izipholisi neziqholo ziyimfuneko kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngobuninzi.

Ibanga	Amandla okutsalwa (MPa) ubuncinane	Amandla Okuguga 0.2% Proof (MPa) ubuncinane	Ukweluleka (% kwi-50 mm) ubuncinci	Ukuqina
				Rockwell B (HR B) elona liphezulu	Brinell (HB) eliphezulu
304	515	205	40	92	201
Ngenxa yokuba i-304L iqulathe i-molybdenum, inika i-304L amandla okumelana nokugqwala nokubola	485	170	40	92	201
304H	515	205	40	92	201

Impahla	Ixabiso
Uxinano	8.00 g/cm3
Iqondo lokunyibilika	1450 °C
Umodyuli wokuqina	193 GPa
Ukumelana kombane	0.72 x 10-6 Ω.m
Ukuhamba kobushushu	16.2 amandla nge-m yeqondo lobushushu.
Ukwandeka ngenxa yobushushu	17.2 x 10-6/K

Ukwelda i-304 Stainless Steel

Ukusebenza kokuncanyathiselwa nge-Fusion kwintsimbi engatyiwayo engu-304 kugqwesile, nokuba kusetyenziswa izizalisi okanye akusetyenziswanga. Iintonga zezazalisi kunye nee-electrode ezicetyiswayo kwintsimbi engatyiwayo engu-304 luhlobo lwentsimbi engatyiwayo olungu-308. Kwi-304L isazalisi esicetyiswayo yi Mfutho ophantsi. Iinxalenye ezinkulu ezigqunyiweyo zisenokufuna ukupholiswa emva kokugqunywa. Eli nyathelo alifuneki kwi-304L. I-Grade 321 ingasetyenziswa ukuba unyango lobushushu emva kokugqunywa alunakwenzeka.